就业情境下社会比较对注意偏向的影响——基于点探测任务的行为学研究

The Impact of Social Comparison on Attention Bias in Employment Context—A Behavioral Study Based on Dot-Probe Task

摘要: 目的：探讨向上与向下社会比较情境对大学生注意偏向的影响，考查不同比较方向下个体对积极和消极就业词汇的注意加工差异。方法：本研究采用点探测任务测量56名大学生的注意偏向指数(AB)。结果：向上社会比较情境下，被试对消极词汇表现出显著的注意偏向，对积极词汇无显著偏向；向下社会比较情境下，被试对积极词汇表现出显著偏向，对消极词汇无显著偏向。向上情境中消极与积极词汇的AB指数差异显著，向下情境中同样差异显著。方向与词汇类型存在显著的交互作用。结论：社会比较方向显著影响大学生的注意偏向模式：向上社会比较后个体对消极就业词汇产生注意偏向，向下社会比较后个体对积极就业词汇产生注意偏向，呈现出“情境–情绪一致性”的注意加工特征。

Abstract: Objective: To examine the effects of upward and downward social comparison contexts on attentional bias in college students, and to investigate differences in attentional processing toward positive and negative employment-related words under different comparison directions. Method: This study used a dot-probe task to measure attentional bias (AB) indices in 56 college students. Results: In the upward social comparison context, participants showed a significant attentional bias toward negative words but not toward positive words; in the downward social comparison context, they exhibited a significant bias toward positive words but not toward negative ones. The difference in AB indices between negative and positive words was significant in both upward and downward contexts. A significant interaction effect was found between comparison direction and word type. Conclusion: Social comparison direction significantly influences attentional bias patterns in college students: after upward social comparison, individuals show attentional bias toward negative employment-related words, whereas after downward social comparison, they show bias toward positive employment-related words, reflecting an “context-emotion consistency” pattern in attentional processing.