基于生态翻译学视角的《春夜喜雨》三个英译本对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Three English Translations of Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology

摘要: 杜甫《春夜喜雨》以拟人化手法传递对春雨无私奉献精神的赞美，其英译本是检验古典诗歌翻译理论的重要案例。本文以胡庚申教授提出的生态翻译学为理论框架，从“三维转换”模型出发，对杨宪益与戴乃迭、许渊冲、布兰丹·奥凯恩的三个英译本进行对比分析。研究旨在检验生态翻译学“三维”模型在古典诗歌英译批评中的解释力与适用边界。通过以译例为主线的细读比较，本文发现：三个译本分别适应了不同的翻译生态环境——杨译适应学术型生态，文化维转换最为忠实；许译适应大众教学型生态，语言维创新最为突出；奥译适应当代普通读者生态，交际维动态表达最为用心。三个译本在“文化传真”与“读者接受”之间找到了不同的平衡点，共同丰富了《春夜喜雨》在英语世界中的生态谱系。

Abstract: Du Fu’s poem Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night employs personification to convey praise for the selfless nourishing quality of spring rain. Its English translations serve as an important case for testing theories of classical Chinese poetry translation. This paper, grounded in Professor Hu Gengshen’s Eco-translatology and its three-dimensional transformations model, conducts a comparative analysis of three English translations by Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang, Xu Yuanchong, and Brendan O’Kane. The study aims to examine the explanatory power and applicability of the three-dimensional model in the criticism of classical Chinese poetry translation. Through a close-reading comparison organized around illustrative verses, the paper finds that the three translations respectively adapt to different translational eco-environments: the Yang’s translation adapts to an academic-oriented eco-environment, with the most faithful cultural-dimension transformation; Xu’s translation adapts to a popular pedagogical eco-environment, with the most prominent linguistic-dimension innovation; O’Kane’s translation adapts to a contemporary general-reader eco-environment, with the most deliberate communicative-dimension dynamism. The three translations strike different balances between cultural fidelity and reader reception, collectively enriching the ecological spectrum of Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night in the English-speaking world.