鸡叫城遗址史前水资源供需平衡及洪水分析

Prehistoric Water Supply and Demand Balance and Flood Analysis of the Jijiaocheng Site

摘要: 鸡叫城遗址位于湖南省澧县涔南镇，是新石器时代屈家岭、石家河文化时期的重要遗存，为研究长江流域史前水利工程考古提供了关键证据。本文以该遗址史前水资源利用为研究核心，开展水资源供需平衡测算与洪水淹没模拟分析。研究表明，鸡叫城遗址在石家河时期依托涔水，通过三重环壕、人工堰河与平行水渠构成的自流系统，实现了水资源的高效调配，可支撑8.51平方公里稻田灌溉与10,000人的生产生活需求。经测算，遗址年灌溉需水1225万立方米、生活用水7.3万立方米及手工业用水2.4万立方米均能得到满足。通过DEM静态“水位面”淹没模型模拟分析，结合遗址城墙2米的高度推算，当洪水水位在37米以下时，基本可保障环壕内居民的生活安全；当水位升至40米时，遗址将被完全淹没。

Abstract: The Jijiaocheng Site is located in Cennan Town, Lixian County, Hunan Province. It is an important relic from the Neolithic period of the Qujialing and Shijiahe cultures. It provides crucial evidence for the study of prehistoric hydraulic engineering in the Changjiang River Basin. This paper focuses on the prehistoric water resources supply and demand balance and flood analysis of the Jijiaocheng Site. The study shows that Jijiaocheng Site relied on the Censhui River and achieved efficient water resource allocation through a self-flowing system during the Shijiahe period, which is composed of triple ring moats, artificial weirs, and parallel canals to support the irrigation of 8.51 square kilometers of farmland and the production and living needs of 10,000 people. It is estimated that the annual water demand of 12.25 million cubic meters for irrigation, 73,000 cubic meters for domestic use, and 24,000 cubic meters for handicraft industry can be met. Through the static “water level” inundation model simulation analysis of DEM, considering 2 meters of the height of the site’s city wall, it can basically guarantee the safety of the residents living in the moat when the water level is below 37 meters. The site would be completely submerged when the water level rises to 40 meters.