多维度指标下灌区灌溉用水动态测算方法研究

Research on Dynamic Measurement Methods for Irrigation Water in Irrigation Districts under Multi-Dimensional Indicators

摘要: 为实现灌区水资源总量控制与定额管理精细化、智慧化，提升农业灌溉用水管理水平，本文以新疆典型灌区为研究对象，构建基于毛灌溉引用水量、毛灌溉用水定额、灌溉面积与累计灌溉面积、累计轮灌水次数、引用毛水量计量水费、灌溉水利用系数6个核心维度的灌溉用水测算体系。通过梳理灌区各级输水(渠或管)层级关系，融合量测水监测设施与灌溉用水智能算法，建立灌区各级(渠或管)输水及灌溉用水动态调控计算公式，并以代表性灌区为案例开展了实证分析。结果表明，该测算体系可实时表征灌区灌溉用水进度，精准识别超量引水与节水运行状态，超引水情景下灌溉水利用系数较目标值下降0.47个百分点，节水情景下提升0.32个百分点。研究构建的量化表征方案与动态调控方法，可为灌区灌溉水资源科学配置、高效利用与精细化管理提供技术支撑。

Abstract: To achieve refined and intelligent management of water resource quotas and total control in irrigation districts, and to enhance the level of agricultural irrigation water management, this study focuses on a typical irrigation district in Xinjiang. It establishes an irrigation water measurement system based on six core dimensions: gross irrigation water intake, gross irrigation water quota, irrigation area and cumulative irrigation area, cumulative rotation irrigation times, water fee calculation based on gross water intake, and irrigation water utilization coefficient. By analyzing the hierarchical relationships of water conveyance (canals or pipelines) at various levels in the irrigation district, and integrating water monitoring facilities with intelligent irrigation algorithms, the study develops dynamic regulation calculation formulas for water conveyance and irrigation water usage at all levels (canals or pipelines). A case study was conducted in a representative irrigation district. The results show that this measurement system can characterize the progress of irrigation water usage in real time and accurately identify over-irrigation and water-saving operational states. Under over-irrigation scenarios, the irrigation water utilization coefficient decreases by 0.47 percentage points compared to the target value, while it increases by 0.32 percentage points under water-saving scenarios. The quantitative characterization approach and dynamic regulation methods developed in this study provide technical support for the scientific allocation, efficient utilization, and refined management of irrigation water resources in irrigation districts.