论数字劳动异化

On Digital Labor Alienation

摘要: 立足历史唯物主义视角，马克思劳动观揭示了劳动与自然演进、社会发展的内在关联，并深刻批判资本主义异化劳动。数字技术全面渗透社会各领域，催生数字劳动这一新型劳动形态。相较于传统劳动，数字劳动主体多元、呈现“产消合一”特征，劳动工具智能化、劳动形式突破时空束缚，但本质仍归属于生产劳动范畴。当前学界围绕数字劳动形成受众劳动、非物质劳动、物质劳动三大研究脉络，现有研究多陷入观点对立，未能形成统一分析框架，也未能充分结合时代特征深挖异化机理与落地化解路径。本文以马克思异化劳动、劳动价值、剩余价值理论为根基，梳理数字劳动的形态变革与核心特征，对数字劳动异化四重维度展开当代解读，剖析异化生成的深层成因，并结合数字经济现实提出可落地、可实操的消解路径。

Abstract: From the perspective of historical materialism, Marx’s labor theory reveals the inherent connection between labor, natural evolution and social development, and profoundly criticizes alienated labor under capitalism. Digital technology has fully penetrated into all sectors of society, giving birth to digital labor, a new form of labor. Compared with traditional labor, digital labor is characterized by diverse subjects and the integration of production and consumption, intelligent labor tools, and labor forms breaking through the constraints of time and space, while its essence still falls into the category of productive labor. At present, the academic circle has formed three research veins of digital labor, namely audience labor, immaterial labor and material labor. Most existing studies are trapped in opposing views, failing to form a unified analytical framework, nor to fully combine the characteristics of the times to deeply explore the alienation mechanism and practical solution paths. Based on Marx’s theories of alienated labor, labor value and surplus value, this paper sorts out the morphological transformation and core characteristics of digital labor, carries out a contemporary interpretation of the four dimensions of digital labor alienation, analyzes the deep-seated causes of alienation, and proposes practical and operable resolution paths based on the reality of digital economy.