基于无人机摄影测量的地形图测绘技术与应用

Techniques and Applications of Topographic Mapping Based on UAV Photogrammetry

摘要: 针对传统地形图测绘中依赖大量野外实测、作业周期长等局限性，本文系统阐述了无人机摄影测量技术在大比例尺地形图测绘中的应用方法及作业流程。具体而言，采用无人机获取外业影像数据，在内业处理阶段，对影像数据及其他辅助数据进行自动化处理与解算，最终基于解算生成的正射影像或数字线划图成果，导入制图软件进行地形图要素的矢量化编辑与成图输出，并讨论了复杂场景下典型问题及解决方法。该作业流程有效突破了传统测绘需进行大量野外数据采集的局限，显著提高了地形图生产的效率、灵活性与安全性，同时降低了对作业人员野外工作强度的要求。研究成果为大比例尺地形图测绘的技术升级提供了系统的理论参考与可行的技术支持，对推动无人机摄影测量在地形测绘中的工程化应用具有积极意义。

Abstract: In view of the limitations in traditional topographic mapping, such as the reliance on extensive field measurements and the long operation cycle, the application method and operation flow of UAV photogrammetry in large-scale topographic mapping are systematically introduced. Specifically, using UAV to obtain field imaging data, in the internal processing stage, image and auxiliary data are automatically processed and calculated. Based on the generated DOM or DLG products by the calculation, topographic map elements are vectorized and edited using mapping software, and the mapping output is achieved. Moreover, representative problems and proposed solutions within complex scenarios are presented. This workflow overcomes the need for extensive field data collection of traditional mapping, significantly improving efficiency, flexibility, and safety of topographic mapping production while reducing the field labor intensity of the operators. The findings offer theoretical and technical support for upgrading large-scale topographic mapping and have positive significance for promoting the engineering application of UAV photogrammetry in topographic mapping.