基层医院口腔健康宣教对阿勒泰地区农村人群口腔卫生行为改善的效果研究

Study on the Effect of Oral Health Education in Primary Hospitals on the Improvement of Oral Hygiene Behaviors among Rural Populations in Altay Region

摘要: 目的：构建适配阿勒泰地区哈萨克族农村居民语言与文化特征的基层口腔健康宣教模式，量化评估该本土化宣教干预对当地人群口腔健康知识、态度及卫生行为的改善效果，为新疆少数民族农村地区口腔公共卫生服务优化提供循证依据。方法：采用为期6个月的准实验研究设计，于2023年1月~6月在新疆阿勒泰地区随机选取2个基线特征均衡的行政村，分别设置为干预组(158例)与对照组(152例)。干预组实施哈语适配、文化贴合的系统化口腔健康宣教干预，对照组仅接受常规基础公共卫生服务。采用经信效度检验的自制口腔健康知识、态度、行为(KAP)问卷，于干预前后完成两组人群的统一测评，运用配对t检验、独立样本t检验及卡方检验开展统计学分析。结果：干预前两组人群口腔健康KAP各项指标得分及卫生行为发生率无统计学差异(P > 0.05)；干预后，干预组口腔健康知识、态度、行为得分较干预前显著提升，且显著优于对照组(P均<0.001)。干预组每日刷牙 ≥ 2次、使用含氟牙膏、年度口腔检查比例由干预前的22.8%、13.3%、8.9%提升至68.4%、56.3%、41.8%，各项行为指标改善差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.001)，对照组干预前后无显著变化(P > 0.05)。结论：贴合当地民族语言、生活习俗的本土化口腔健康宣教干预，可有效提升阿勒泰地区农村居民口腔健康认知水平，纠正不良口腔卫生习惯，优化口腔健康行为模式，干预效果显著且具备可复制性，适宜在新疆少数民族农村地区推广应用。

Abstract: Objective: To construct a grassroots oral health education model that is adapted to the language and cultural characteristics of the Kazakh rural residents in Altay Region, and to quantitatively evaluate the improvement effect of this localized education intervention on the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the local population. This study aims to provide evidence-based support for the optimization of oral public health services in ethnic minority rural areas of Xinjiang. Methods: A 6-month quasi-experimental research design was adopted. From January to June 2023, two administrative villages with balanced baseline characteristics in Altay Region were randomly selected. They were respectively set as the intervention group (158 cases) and the control group (152 cases). The intervention group implemented a systematic oral health education intervention adapted to the Kazakh language and culture, while the control group only received routine basic public health services. The self-made oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAP) questionnaire was used to conduct unified assessments before and after the intervention. Paired t-test, independent sample t-test, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of oral health KAP indicators and the incidence of oral hygiene behaviors between the two groups (P > 0.05); after the intervention, the scores of oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the intervention group significantly improved compared to those before the intervention, and were significantly better than those in the control group (all P < 0.001). The proportions of daily brushing ≥ 2 times, use of fluoride toothpaste, and annual oral examination in the intervention group increased from 22.8%, 13.3%, and 8.9% before the intervention to 68.4%, 56.3%, and 41.8%, respectively. The differences in all behavioral indicators were statistically significant (P < 0.001), while there were no significant changes in the control group before and after the intervention (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The localized oral health education intervention that conforms to the local ethnic language and lifestyle can effectively improve the oral health cognition level of rural residents in Altay Region, correct bad oral hygiene habits, optimize oral health behavior patterns, and has significant and replicable intervention effects, which are suitable for promotion and application in ethnic minority rural areas of Xinjiang.