基于优逝理论的安宁疗护问题及路径研究

A Study on Palliative Care Issues and Pathways Based on the Theory of Optimal Mortality

摘要: 安宁疗护作为提高国民生命终期质量的手段，服务需求日益增加。但目前我国安宁疗护仍存在诸多问题与困境，研究安宁疗护的问题、影响因素及制度建设路径，具有一定的实践价值。论文通过文献研究和调查问卷研究，基于安宁疗护的内涵界定和理论梳理，问卷调查分析后，认为我国安宁疗护服务存在政府主导责任不明确、公众对生死教育认知意识不强、安宁疗护缺乏专业人才、安宁疗护服务基础设施不健全、安宁疗护服务患者承担费用负担比较重等现状问题。由此，论文提出了安宁疗护发展路径建议，包括：明确发展安宁疗护的政府主导责任、强化社会公众对安宁疗护认知、培养安宁疗护专业技术人才、增加安宁疗护的供给主体、建立安宁疗护费用多元承担机制等。

Abstract: Palliative care is increasingly recognized as a means to improve the quality of life at the end of life for citizens. However, there are still numerous challenges and difficulties facing palliative care in China. Studying the issues, influencing factors, and the path for institutional development of palliative care holds practical value. Through literature research and survey questionnaire analysis, based on the definition and theoretical overview of palliative care, the paper concludes that the government’s responsibility in guiding palliative care services is unclear; public awareness of education on life and death is weak; there is a lack of professionals specializing in palliative care; the infrastructure for palliative care services is inadequate; and patients bear a significant burden of expenses related to palliative care services. The paper proposes suggestions for the development of palliative care, including clarifying the government’s responsibility in developing palliative care, enhancing public awareness of palliative care, cultivating professionals specializing in palliative care, increasing the number of providers of palliative care services, and establishing a diversified mechanism for financing palliative care costs.