自然接触与恢复结果预期对积极情绪的影响

Effects of Nature Exposure and Restoration Outcome Expectancy on Positive Affect

摘要: 本研究旨在探讨自然接触与恢复结果预期对积极情绪的影响，并进一步考察恢复结果预期在观看自然图片后的积极情绪中的作用方式。采用了两因素混合实验设计(图片类型：自然/城市 × 恢复结果预期：高/低)，其中图片类型是被试内变量，恢复结果预期是被试间变量，因变量是积极情绪。结果发现，观看城市图片后的积极情绪显著高于观看自然图片后，与既有研究中的常见的观看自然图片引起更高积极情绪的发现不符，说明自然图片并不一定总是比城市更容易诱发积极情绪。与此同时，恢复结果预期未表现出对图片类型与积极情绪关系的调节作用，但高恢复结果预期组在观看自然和城市图片后均表现出更高的积极情绪水平，进一步分析发现，这主要来自观看图片前被试的基线情绪差异。这表明，自然接触对积极情绪的影响可能受到刺激材料特征及个体主观偏好的影响，而恢复结果预期与积极情绪之间的关系主要体现在个体进入情境前的情绪基线差异。研究结果未支持恢复结果预期对环境刺激所诱发积极情绪的直接调节作用，并提示当前恢复结果预期量表可能同时反映对未来恢复效果的预期以及更广泛的积极心理倾向。研究为理解恢复结果预期在自然接触中的作用机制及其测量问题提供了新的证据。

Abstract: The present study aimed to examine the effects of nature exposure and restoration outcome expectancy (ROE) on positive affect, and to further investigate the role of ROE in affective responses following exposure to nature images. A 2 (image type: natural vs. urban) × 2 (restoration outcome expectancy: high vs. low) mixed design was employed. Image type was treated as a within-subject factor, restoration outcome expectancy as a between-subject factor, and positive affect as the dependent variable. The results showed that participants reported significantly higher positive affect after viewing urban images than after viewing natural images. This finding contrasts with the commonly reported pattern in previous studies that nature images elicit greater positive affect, suggesting that natural images may not necessarily be more effective than urban images in promoting positive affect. In addition, restoration outcome expectancy did not moderate the relationship between image type and positive affect. However, participants with higher restoration outcome expectancy reported higher levels of positive affect following both natural and urban image exposure than those with lower restoration outcome expectancy. Further analyses indicated that this difference was primarily attributable to baseline differences in positive affect prior to image viewing. These findings suggest that the effects of nature exposure on positive affect may be influenced by stimulus characteristics and individuals’ subjective preferences, whereas the association between restoration outcome expectancy and positive affect is primarily reflected in baseline affective differences prior to environmental exposure. The results did not support a direct moderating effect of restoration outcome expectancy on positive affect elicited by environmental stimuli and further suggest that the current measure of restoration outcome expectancy may capture not only expectations regarding future restorative outcomes but also broader positive psychological dispositions. The present study provides new evidence for understanding both the role of restoration outcome expectancy in nature exposure and the construct validity of its measurement.