预防主义视角下我国污染环境罪的刑法规制

Criminal Regulation of China’s Environmental Pollution Crime from the Perspective of Preventivism

摘要: 当前，环境污染问题日趋严重，依托事后惩戒的传统治理路径，已难以实现对污染环境罪等环境犯罪的有效规制。在这种背景下，刑事立法对于生态环境法益日益重视，预防主义的价值不断地凸显，也为污染环境罪的规制开辟了全新研究思路。本文从预防主义视角出发，依托风险社会理论、法益保护早期化理论，阐释预防主义与污染环境罪规制的内在理论契合性，揭示我国污染环境罪刑法规制在司法实践中面临的一系列现实困境，进而提出对应的路径优化建议。这不仅推动我国污染环境罪刑法规制向“修复性司法”范式转型，也能为环境法治建设开辟出新路径。

Abstract: Against the worsening environmental pollution, the traditional governance model relying on ex post punishment can hardly realize effective regulation of environmental crimes including the crime of polluting the environment. Against such a backdrop, criminal legislation has attached growing importance to the legal interests of ecological environment, and the value of preventivism has become increasingly prominent, offering a brand-new research perspective for the regulation of the crime of polluting the environment. From the perspective of preventivism and based on the risk society theory and the early protection of legal interests theory, this paper elaborates the inherent theoretical compatibility between preventivism and the regulation of the crime of polluting the environment, analyzes prominent practical difficulties existing in the criminal regulation of such crime in China’s judicial practice, and puts forward targeted optimization suggestions. The research results help transform the criminal regulation of environmental pollution crime toward the paradigm of restorative justice and blaze a new trail for the construction of environmental rule of law.