士人何以不朽：论《史记》和《资治通鉴》中士人形象的经典化建构

Why Scholars Are Immortal: On the Image of Scholars in “Historical Records” and “Zi Zhi Tong Jian”

摘要: 本文围绕“士人何以不朽”的核心问题，采用比较分析法，系统考察《史记》与《资治通鉴》对士人形象的经典化建构。研究发现，《史记》以人物为中心的情感化书写与《资治通鉴》以治道为导向的规范化评价形成了互补的建构路径。士人形象的“不朽”源于双重机制：一是其作为忠、直、廉、能等核心价值的稳定载体；二是其精神高度能超越具体历史成败。这一经典化路径，为当代理解传统知识分子的精神传统、责任伦理，以及传统文化的创造性传播提供了历史参照与启示。

Abstract: Focusing on the core problem of “why scholars are immortal”, this paper systematically investigates the classic construction of scholars’ image in “Historical Records” and “Zi Zhi Tong Jian” by means of comparative analysis. It is found that the emotional writing centered on people in Historical Records and the standardized evaluation oriented by governance in “Zi Zhi Tong Jian” form a complementary construction path. The “immortality” of the image of scholars stems from two mechanisms: first, it is a stable carrier of core values such as loyalty, straightforwardness, honesty and ability; Second, its spiritual height can transcend the success or failure of specific history. This classicalization path provides historical reference and enlightenment for contemporary understanding of traditional intellectuals’ spiritual tradition, responsibility ethics and creative communication of traditional culture.