从“卖特产”到“卖碳汇”：海洋碳汇交易驱动下沿海渔村产业结构升级研究——以浙江象山为例

From “Selling Local Products” to “Selling Carbon Credits”: A Study on the Industrial Structure Upgrading of Coastal Fishing Villages Driven by Marine Carbon Credit Trading—Taking Xiangshan, Zhejiang as an Example

摘要: 海洋碳汇(蓝碳)交易是达成海洋生态产品价值的主要措施，为沿海渔村从传统“卖特产”过渡到“卖碳汇”转型给予了新办法，本文把浙江象山当作案例，充分探讨蓝碳交易拉动渔村产业结构升级的机制与措施，蓝碳交易依靠“碳汇收益、品牌溢价、金融创新、渔旅融合”四类办法，对渔村的价值链、生态链和治理链予以重构。二零二三年，全国首单蓝碳拍卖实现了2340.1吨以每吨106元的成交，代表蓝碳交易从概念层面进入实践层面，到2025年底的时候，象山累计做成蓝碳交易超6000吨，达成碳汇价值的增加超过200万元，带动黄避岙乡藻类养殖年综合产值达到1.2亿元以上，村民人均在一年里增收1.5万元。本文建成了以“碳汇渔业–精深加工–生态文旅–碳汇金融”为四轮驱动的升级架构，为沿海渔村高质量发展给出了可复制的“象山方案”。

Abstract: Marine carbon sink (blue carbon) trading is a major measure to realize the value of marine ecological products, providing a new way for coastal fishing villages to transition from the traditional “selling local specialties” to “selling carbon sinks.” This article takes Xiangshan, Zhejiang as a case study to fully explore the mechanisms and measures for blue carbon trading to drive the upgrading of the fishing village’s industrial structure. Blue carbon trading relies on four methods—“carbon sink revenue, brand premium, financial innovation, and fishery-tourism integration”—to reconstruct the value chain, ecological chain, and governance chain of fishing villages. In 2023, the first national blue carbon auction achieved a transaction of 2340.1 tons at 106 yuan per ton, representing the transition of blue carbon trading from the conceptual level to the practical level. By the end of 2025, Xiangshan has accumulated over 6000 tons of blue carbon trading, achieving an increase in carbon sink value of over 2 million yuan, driving the annual comprehensive output value of algae cultivation in Huangbiao Township to over 120 million yuan, and increasing the per capita income of villagers by 15,000 yuan per year. This paper establishes an upgrade framework driven by four pillars: “carbon sequestration fisheries—intensive processing—eco-tourism—carbon sequestration finance,” providing a replicable “Xiangshan solution” for the high-quality development of coastal fishing villages.