河北南和方言“阴平上”三调类系统

The Three-Tone Category System of “Yinping-Shang” in Nanhe Dialect of Hebei

摘要: 本文以河北省邢台市南和方言为研究对象，通过对两位老年发音人的语音进行田野调查和实验语音学分析，考察了其单字调系统。研究发现，南和方言现已形成较为稳定的三调类系统：阴平与上声合并为一个中平调(男性调值为33，女性为44)；阳平为一个降调(男性41，女性51)；去声为一个曲折调(男性212，女性323)。研究还指出，与县志记载的五调系统(含入声)相比，该方言的声调系统已显著简化，古入声调已完全消失，且没有喉塞音等韵尾残留。这一发现挑战了“邯新片方言保留入声”的传统认知，为冀鲁官话与晋语过渡地带的方言演变研究提供了新的例证。

Abstract: This paper focuses on the Nanhe dialect of Xingtai, Hebei Province. Based on field recordings from two elderly native speakers, we analyze the monosyllabic tonal category of the dialect. The result shows that Nanhe dialect has developed into a relatively stable tri-tone categories: Yinping and Shangsheng categories have merged, both realized as mid level tone (with a pitch value of 33 for male speakers and 44 for female speakers); Yangping is realized as a high falling tone (41 for males, 51 for females); and Qusheng as a falling rising tone (212 for males, 323 for females). Compared with the five-tone categories recorded in the Nanhe County Gazetteer, the monosyllabic tonal category of Nanhe dialect has clearly undergone simplification. The entering tone has disappeared completely, with no entering-tone codas remaining. This finding challenges the conventional view that dialects in the Han-Xin area preserve entering tones, and provides new empirical evidence for the tonal evolution in the transitional zone between Ji-Lu Mandarin and Jin dialects.