寻生命之诗意：《短歌行》“主问题”教学 探究

In Search of the Poetic Meaning of Life: An Inquiry into the “Main Question” Teaching Method in Short Song: A Poetic Analysis

摘要: 针对当前古诗词教学“碎问碎答”、割裂文本整体性的问题，本文以曹操《短歌行》为研究对象，以余映潮“主问题”教学理论为支撑，确立“理清诗人情感脉络”为统领性主问题，设计层级化子问题与情境化教学活动，引导学生挖掘诗歌以“忧”为核心的情感内蕴，辨析人生短暂、贤才难得、功业未成三重忧思的递进关系，把握“起承转合”的意脉流转，体会曹操“忧而奋进”的生命张力与慷慨诗意。本文试图通过以主问题驱动的深度学习，有效整合文本解读、审美鉴赏与文化传承，提升古诗词课堂教学效率，为古典诗歌教学提供可借鉴的范式。

Abstract: Addressing the current issue of fragmented questioning and answers and the fragmentation of textual integrity in classical poetry instruction, this paper takes Cao Cao’s “Short Song” as its research subject. Grounded in Yu Yingchao’s “Main Question” teaching theory, it establishes “clarifying the poet’s emotional trajectory” as the overarching central question, designing hierarchical sub questions and contextualized teaching activities. These guide students to explore the poem’s emotional core centered on “worry”, analyze the progressive relationship among three layers of concern-life’s brevity, the rarity of virtuous talents, and unfulfilled ambitions-and grasp the narrative flow of the “intro- duction, development, transition, and conclusion”. Students are encouraged to appreciate Cao Cao’s life force characterized by “vigorous endeavor amid sorrow” and his generous poetic spirit. Through deep learning driven by this central question, the paper effectively integrates textual interpretation, aesthetic appreciation, and cultural inheritance, enhancing the efficiency of classical poetry classroom instruction and providing a replicable model for classical poetry education.