社交媒体使用对留守儿童学业的影响：机遇与挑战并存

The Impact of Social Media Use on Left-Behind Children’s Academic Performance: Coexisting Opportunities and Challenges

摘要: 在城镇化进程与数字技术普及的双重背景下，社交媒体已深度嵌入留守儿童的日常生活，对其学业发展产生复杂而深远的影响。本文系统梳理了留守儿童社交媒体使用的现状与特征，从“机遇与挑战并存”的辩证视角出发，分析了社交媒体对留守儿童学业发展的积极作用与消极影响。研究发现：当下留守儿童普遍高频使用微信、抖音、快手等社交媒体，网络娱乐是其主要使用行为，且监护缺位易造成网络使用失范。合理使用社交媒体能够弥补乡村教育与心理资源短板，搭建远程亲子沟通桥梁、拓宽学习渠道、丰富社会支持；但无节制、娱乐化的使用行为会分散注意力、消耗自我控制资源，挤占学习时间、弱化学习动机，最终对学业投入与学习状态造成负面影响。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of urbanization and the popularization of digital technologies, social media has become deeply integrated into the daily lives of left-behind children, exerting complex and far-reaching impacts on their academic development. This paper systematically sorts out the current situation and characteristics of left-behind children’s social media use, and analyzes the positive and negative effects of social media on their academic development from a dialectical perspective of “coexisting opportunities and challenges”. The research reveals that left-behind children nowadays frequently use social platforms such as WeChat, TikTok and Kuaishou, with online entertainment as their primary activity. Inadequate guardianship tends to lead to improper internet use. Rational use of social media can make up for the shortages of educational and psychological resources in rural areas, build bridges for remote parent-child communication, expand learning channels and enrich social support. In contrast, excessive and entertainment-oriented use distracts attention, depletes self-control resources, encroaches on study time and weakens learning motivation, ultimately impairing students’ academic engagement and learning status.