我国畲族医药凉茶和文创的发展及研究现状

Current Status of Research on She Ethnic Medicine Herbal Tea and Its Cultural and Creative Industry Development

摘要: 畲族医药是祖国传统医药的重要组成部分，其中以“食凉茶”“小香勾”为代表的畲药凉茶，有着悠久的民间使用历史和独特的临床价值。这项研究系统梳理了畲药凉茶从传统经验走向现代科学的“文献研究”历程，并探讨了其向“文化符号”转化的“文创产业”路径。从现代化研究角度看，综述围绕“物质基础–质量控制–药效机制–临床应用”这条证据链展开：一方面明确了黄酮类、三萜皂苷类、香豆素类及挥发油是主要的药效物质基础；另一方面也建立了从单一成分检测到指纹图谱、一测多评的质量标准体系。此外，研究还揭示了其在抗炎、镇痛、调节肠道菌群及代谢等方面具有多靶点、系统性的药理机制，并将应用拓展到儿科、骨关节、心脑血管等领域。在文创产业路径部分，分析了从“文献研究”迈向“时代光彩”的必要性与可行性，提出了产品文创、体验文创、数字文创三条转化路径。尽管目前还面临标准缺失、人才不足等挑战，但借助政策支持、院校合作与品牌联盟的推动，畲药凉茶有望实现从“田间碗茶”到“文化符号”的价值跃升，为民族医药的创造性转化与创新性发展提供示范。

Abstract: She ethnic medicine constitutes an important part of China’s traditional medicine, among which She medicinal herbal teas represented by “Shiliang Tea” and “Xiaoxianggou” possess a long history of folk use and unique clinical value. This study systematically reviews the “literature research” process of She medicinal herbal tea transitioning from traditional experience to modern science, and further explores its transformation pathway into the “cultural and creative industry” towards becoming a “cultural symbol”. From the perspective of modern research, this review is structured around the evidence chain of “material basis-quality control-pharmacodynamic mechanisms-clinical application”. On one hand, it identifies flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, coumarins, and volatile oils as the main pharmacologically active substances; on the other hand, it summarizes the establishment of quality standard systems ranging from single-component detection to fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS). Furthermore, this study reveals its multi-target and systematic pharmacological mechanisms in anti-inflammation, analgesia, regulation of gut microbiota, and metabolism, and extends its applications to pediatrics, bone and joint diseases, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Regarding the cultural and creative industry pathway, this paper analyzes the necessity and feasibility of transitioning from “literature research” to “contemporary brilliance” and proposes three transformation pathways: product-based cultural creativity, experience-based cultural creativity, and digital cultural creativity. Although challenges such as lack of standards and talent shortage remain, with the support of policies, inter-institutional cooperation, and brand alliances, She medicinal herbal tea is expected to achieve a value leap from “rustic bowl tea” to “cultural symbol”, providing a replicable demonstration for the creative transformation and innovative development of ethnic medicine.