易忽视的主体性：人口老龄化的多元共治路径研究

The Neglected Subjectivity: Research on the Multi-Party Governance Path of Population Aging

摘要: 在长寿时代背景下，人口老龄化已超越人口规模扩张的表层问题，演化为深度嵌入社会结构转型的系统性治理难题。本文基于文献计量学方法，运用VOSviewer对国内外人口老龄化研究的关键词进行可视化分析，揭示国外研究从宏观流行病学向微观生物–心理–社会整合机制演进的脉络，以及国内研究从宏观制度建构向主动健康实践路径下沉的趋势。研究发现，当前我国人口老龄化面临三重结构性困境：宏观层面制度衔接滞后与政策体系碎片化，中观层面资源供给错配与共同体功能弱化，微观层面老年主体性消解与技术伦理挑战。上述困境的症结在于将需要长期社会协作的治理过程窄化为一次性工程建设，忽视了对老年人主体性的尊重与多元行动者之间的利益协调。据此，本文提出迈向多元共治的治理重构路径，涵盖宏观制度整合、中观协同治理与微观主体赋能三个维度，以期为积极应对人口老龄化提供系统性治理方案。

Abstract: In the context of the longevity era, population aging has transcended the superficial issue of population expansion and evolved into a systemic governance challenge deeply embedded in the transformation of social structures. This paper, based on bibliometric methods, uses VOSviewer to conduct a visual analysis of the keywords in domestic and international research on population aging, revealing the evolution of foreign research from macro epidemiology to the integration of micro biological-psychological-social mechanisms, as well as the trend of domestic research moving from macro institutional construction to the practical path of active health. The research finds that China’s current population aging faces three structural predicaments: lagging institutional connection and fragmented policy systems at the macro level, mismatched resource supply and weakened community functions at the meso level, and the dissolution of elderly subjectivity and technological ethical challenges at the micro level. The crux of these predicaments lies in narrowing the long-term social collaboration process of governance into one-time engineering projects, while neglecting the respect for the subjectivity of the elderly and the coordination of interests among multiple actors. Based on this, this paper proposes a governance reconstruction path towards multi-party co-governance, covering three dimensions: macro institutional integration, meso-level collaborative governance, and micro-level subject empowerment, with the aim of providing a systematic governance solution for actively responding to population aging.