风险社会视域下青年婚恋焦虑的生成机制研究——基于个人–家庭–社会的整合分析

The Generation Mechanism of Youth Marital Anxiety from the Perspective of Risk Society—An Integrated Analysis of Individual-Family-Society

摘要: 风险社会是指现代社会面临的主要威胁已从自然风险转向人类决策与技术活动引发的系统性风险，个体在“脱嵌”后获得选择自由，却须独自承担选择失败的后果，这一社会形态在婚恋领域表现为青年群体的普遍性焦虑。既有研究在个人心理、家庭互动与社会结构三个层面分别积累了丰富成果，但不同研究视角各自独立发展，仅停留在单一变量的相关性检验，未能系统梳理各维度研究的核心共识与内在局限，也缺乏跨层面的整合分析与逻辑建构。本研究构建“个人–家庭–社会”三维整合分析框架，系统探讨婚恋焦虑的生成机制。研究发现，婚恋焦虑遵循“外在风险环境–家庭中介传递–个体内在转化”的传导链条，家庭居于关键枢纽地位，同时承受社会结构性压力的输入，又参与个体心理特质的塑造，这一双重功能是个人层面与社会层面均无法独立完成的。相较于依恋理论、代际传递理论、传统风险社会分析以及经典生态系统理论等单一研究范式，本框架实现多理论融合与本土场景适配，补足风险传导的中间链路，形成差异化的理论创新与学术贡献。该框架突破单一维度研究的固有缺陷，为系统把握婚恋焦虑的复杂生成逻辑提供了理论参照，未来研究应从多层面互动的视角开展纵向追踪与家庭干预实践。

Abstract: Risk society refers to a social form in which systemic risks generated by human decisions and technological activities have replaced natural threats as the predominant dangers. Individuals, “disembedded” from traditional bonds, gain freedom of choice but must bear the consequences of failure alone, a predicament acutely visible in youth marital anxiety. Existing research has accumulated rich findings at the individual, family, and societal levels respectively, while different research perspectives develop independently, only focusing on the correlation test of single variables, failing to systematically sort out the core consensus and inherent limitations of research in each dimension, and lacking integrated analysis and logical construction across levels. This study constructs an integrated “individual-family-society” analytical framework to examine the generative mechanisms of this anxiety. The findings reveal a transmission chain: “external risk environment-family-mediated transmission-individual internalization”. The family occupies the pivotal hub position because it simultaneously absorbs social structural pressures and shapes individual psychological traits—a dual function that neither the individual nor the societal level can fulfill independently. Compared with single research paradigms such as attachment theory, intergenerational transmission theory, traditional risk society analysis and classic ecosystem theory, this framework realizes the integration of multiple theories and adaptation to local scenarios, makes up the intermediate link of risk transmission, and forms differentiated theoretical innovations and academic contributions. This framework overcomes the inherent defects of one-dimensional research, provides a theoretical reference for systematically understanding the complex generative logic of marital anxiety, and suggests that future research should adopt longitudinal tracking and family-based intervention from a multi-level interaction perspective.