特质正念、核心情绪调节策略与青少年焦虑 抑郁共病的关系——基于双路径模型的中介机制述评

Trait Mindfulness, Core Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Comorbid Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents—A Review of the Mediating Mechanism Based on a Dual-Pathway Model

摘要: 焦虑与抑郁是青少年群体中最高发的两类情绪障碍，二者常以“共病”形式并存，导致比单一障碍更为严重的功能损害。国内调查显示，部分初中生样本中抑郁伴焦虑的共病比例已超过50%。特质正念作为一种可培养的保护性心理品质，已被大量研究证实与较低的焦虑、抑郁水平相关，但其作用机制尚需系统梳理。本文整合了正念“再感知”模型、正念到意义理论与Gross情绪调节过程模型的框架，聚焦认知重评与表达抑制两种核心策略，系统述评其在特质正念与青少年焦虑抑郁关系间的中介作用，并在此基础上提出“双路径中介模型”的理论设想。实现在缓解心理困扰方面，减少表达抑制可能构成“去负性”的阻断路径，扮演更为主导的角色。同时，在提升积极适应方面，增强认知重评可能构成“增正性”的建设路径，更具独特优势。该双路径模型为未来研究提供一个整合性的分析框架提供参考。

Abstract: Anxiety and depression are the two most prevalent emotional disorders among adolescents, often coexisting in a “comorbid” form that leads to more severe functional impairment than either disorder alone. Domestic surveys indicate that the proportion of comorbid anxiety among depressed junior high school students has exceeded 50%. Trait mindfulness, as a cultivable protective psychological quality, has been consistently linked to lower levels of anxiety and depression in numerous studies, yet its underlying mechanisms require systematic clarification. This paper integrates the framework of the mindfulness “reperceiving” model, the Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory, and Gross’s process model of emotion regulation, focusing on two core strategies—cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression—to systematically review their mediating roles in the relationship between trait mindfulness and adolescent anxiety and depression. Building on this synthesis, a theoretical conceptualization of a “dual-pathway mediation model” is proposed: in alleviating psychological distress, reducing expressive suppression may constitute a “de-negative” blocking pathway, playing a more dominant role; meanwhile, in enhancing positive adaptation, strengthening cognitive reappraisal may constitute a “positive-building” constructive pathway, possessing unique advantages. This dual-pathway model serves as a reference for future research by providing an integrative analytical framework.