主观限量构式“X不到哪里去”的 认知语义研究

A Cognitive Semantic Study on the Subjective Limited Construction “X bú dào nǎli qù”

摘要: 本研究以现代汉语中主观限量构式“X不到哪里去”为对象，基于构式语法与框架语义学理论，考察了该构式的特征及其认知语义。研究发现：(1) 变项“X”的词类主要包括动词、形容词和名词三类，韵律特征表现为单音节、双音节和多音节；(2) 在主观语义特征方面，变项“X”体现出可度量性和可评价性，常项“不到哪里去”呈现出空间有限性、物量有限性以及程度有限性，构式“X不到哪里去”总结为有限量性、反预期性和评价性。(3) 该构式激活了空间量、物量和程度量的语义框架，承载着量变有限义、轻微否定义和预期未达义等主观义。本研究为现代汉语主观限量构式的认知语义阐释提供了可行的分析框架，并深化了对语言主观性的理解。

Abstract: This study takes the subjective limited construction “X bú dào nǎli qù” in modern Chinese as its research object. Based on the theories of Construction Grammar and Frame Semantics, it investigates the features and cognitive semantics of this construction. The findings are as follows: (1) The variable “X” mainly includes three word categories—verbs, adjectives, and nouns—with prosodic features manifesting as monosyllabic, disyllabic, and multisyllabic forms. (2) In terms of subjective semantic features, the variable “X” exhibits measurability and evaluability, while the fixed part “bú dào nǎli qù” presents spatial boundedness, quantity boundedness, and degree boundedness. This construction is characterized as having bounded quantity, counter-expectation, and evaluativity. (3) This construction activates the semantic frames of spatial quantity, object quantity, and degree quantity, carrying subjective meanings such as limited quantity change, mild negation, and unfulfilled expectation. This study provides a feasible analytical framework for the cognitive semantic interpretation of subjective limited constructions in modern Chinese and deepens the understanding of linguistic subjectivity.