南充方言“头X”式时间名词的语义及其 认知解释

Semantics and Cognitive Interpretation of Time Nouns with the “Tou-X” Pattern in Nanchong Dialect

摘要: 在认知语言学框架下，系统考察南充方言中“头X”式时间名词的语义系统及其认知理据。研究发现，该构式可表三类时间语义：表序列相邻时间(如“头回”)、表内部阶段时间(如“头半夜”)、表历时起点时间(如“头些年”)，分别对应线性序列、部分–整体和路径起点等意象图式。其语义扩展遵循“以身喻时”的认知机制，将身体部位“头”的空间属性隐喻性投射至时间域。

Abstract: Within the framework of cognitive linguistics, this paper systematically investigates the semantic system and cognitive motivation of time nouns adopting the “tou-X” pattern in the Nanchong dialect. The findings reveal that this construction encodes three types of temporal meanings: sequential adjacent time (e.g., “touhui”), internal stage time (e.g., “toubanye”), and diachronic starting time (e.g., “touxienian”), which respectively correspond to image schemas such as linear sequence, part-whole, and path-start. Its semantic extension follows the cognitive mechanism of conceptualizing time by means of bodily experience, which metaphorically projects the spatial attributes of the body part “head” onto the temporal domain.