浅析汉语连动句在维吾尔语中的对应形式

A Brief Analysis of the Corresponding Forms of Chinese Coordinate Sentences in Uyghur Language

摘要: 汉语连动句作为孤立语中多动词线性排列的典型句式，在维吾尔语这一粘着语中并无结构上的直接对应。本文以汉语连动句的语义分类为框架，将其归纳为连续关系、修饰关系、目的关系、因果关系、互补关系及“有”字型六种类型，结合巴金《春》及其维吾尔语译本等语料，系统考察各类连动句在维吾尔语中的对应表达形式。研究发现，维吾尔语依托丰富的非谓语形态手段，将汉语线性排列的多个动词重组为以单一核心谓语为中心的层级结构，不同类型的连动句分别对应不同的非谓语形式，其对应表达呈现出多样化与规律性并存的特征。汉维连动句对应形式的差异，根源于两种语言在句法组织方式及核心谓语位置上的根本类型差异。明确二者的转换规律对汉维双语教学与翻译实践具有重要参考意义。

Abstract: The Chinese consecutive verb construction, as a typical sentence structure of multi-verb linear arrangement in isolating languages, has no direct structural counterpart in the agglutinative language of Uyghur. This paper takes the semantic classification of Chinese consecutive verb constructions as the framework and classifies them into six types: sequential relationship, modifying relationship, purpose relationship, causal relationship, complementary relationship, and “there” type. By combining with the text of Ba Jin’s “Spring” and its Uyghur translation, this paper systematically examines the corresponding expression forms of various consecutive verb constructions in Uyghur. The research finds that Uyghur language relies on rich non-subject-predicate forms to reorganize the multiple verbs linearly arranged in Chinese into a hierarchical structure centered on a single core predicate. Different types of consecutive verb constructions correspond to different non-subject-predicate forms, and their corresponding expressions present a feature of both diversity and regularity. The differences in the corresponding forms of Chinese-Uyghur consecutive verb constructions stem from the fundamental type differences in syntactic organization and the position of the core predicate between the two languages. Clarifying the conversion rules between the two languages has important reference significance for bilingual teaching and translation practice of Chinese-Uyghur.