体育大单元教学中的“学、练、赛、评” 一体化设计研究综述

A Review of the Integrated Design of “Learning, Practicing, Competing, and Evaluating” in Physical Education Large-Unit Teaching

摘要: 《义务教育体育与健康课程标准(2022年版)》明确提出要落实“教会、勤练、常赛”理念，倡导“学、练、赛、评”一体化教学，并以大单元教学作为专项运动技能教学的主要组织形式。然而，当前关于体育大单元教学中如何系统设计“学、练、赛、评”四个环节的研究仍较为分散，缺乏系统梳理。本文采用文献综述法，对近年来相关研究成果进行归纳分析。首先，界定了体育大单元教学和“学、练、赛、评”一体化的核心概念，并就课时弹性等争议问题提出了整合性建议。其次，从理论基础、设计模式与流程、各环节实践研究以及实施效果四个方面呈现了研究现状，并对不同设计模式进行了批判性比较。再次，指出现有研究存在实践形式化、评价工具缺失、研究方法单一以及对关键争议点整合分析不足等问题。最后，提出未来应开发配套评价工具、聚焦不同运动项目的差异设计，并加强长周期实证研究与争议问题的整合性分析。旨在为一线教师和后续研究者提供实践参照与理论线索。

Abstract: The 2022 edition of the Compulsory Education Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards explicitly calls for implementing the concept of “effective teaching, frequent practice and regular competitions” and promotes the integrated design of “learning, practicing, competing, and evaluating”, with large-unit teaching as the main organizational form for teaching specialized sports skills. However, current research on how to systematically design the four components within physical education large-unit teaching remains fragmented, lacking a systematic review. This paper adopts a literature review method to summarize and analyze relevant studies in recent years. First, it defines the core concepts of large-unit teaching in physical education and the integration of “learning, practicing, competing, evaluating”, and proposes integrative suggestions for controversial issues such as flexibility in class hours. Second, it presents the current state of research from four aspects: theoretical foundations, design models and procedures, practical studies of each component, and implementation effects, with a critical comparison of different design models. Third, it identifies existing problems such as formalized practices, lack of assessment tools, single research methods, and insufficient integrative analysis of key controversial points. Finally, it suggests that future research should develop supporting assessment tools, focus on differential design for different sports, and strengthen long-term empirical studies combined with integrative analysis of controversial issues. The aim is to provide practical references and theoretical clues for frontline teachers and future researchers.