虚拟仿真联合反思性学习在护理实践教学中的数字化模式构建与探索

Construction and Exploration of a Digital Model Combining Virtual Simulation and Reflective Learning in Nursing Practice Education

摘要: 护理实践教学面临着高风险操作训练机会匮乏、评判性思维能力培养薄弱、教学效率难以量化等现实困境。针对不同学历层次护生的共性需求，本研究构建了“虚拟仿真 + 反思性学习”数字化教学模式。该模式以三元交互决定论为理论框架，整合VR虚拟仿真技术、吉布斯反思循环六步法与SBAR标准化沟通框架，以PICC置管教学为载体，设计了“情境沉浸→思维前置→操作练习→结构化反思→闭环提升”五阶教学流程。文章系统阐述了模式的理论依据、教学设计、评价体系(操作考核、评判性思维量表、自我效能感量表、学习曲线分析)，并分析了模式的创新性与推广价值。本模式为护理实践教学数字化转型提供了可操作路径，有助于实现护生操作技能与评判性思维的协同发展。

Abstract: Nursing practice education faces practical dilemmas including insufficient opportunities for high-risk operation training, weak cultivation of critical thinking skills, and difficulty in quantifying teaching efficiency. Addressing the common needs of nursing students at different educational levels, this study constructed a “virtual simulation + reflective learning” digital teaching model. Guided by the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism theory, the model integrates VR virtual simulation technology, the six-step Gibbs Reflective Cycle, and the SBAR standardized communication framework. Using PICC catheterization teaching as a carrier, it designs a five-stage teaching process of “situational immersion → cognitive pre-positioning → operational practice → structured reflection → closed-loop enhancement”. This paper systematically elaborates the theoretical basis, teaching design, evaluation system (operational assessment, critical thinking disposition scale, self-efficacy scale, learning curve analysis), and analyzes the model’s innovation and promotion value. This model provides an operable pathway for the digital transformation of nursing practice education and facilitates the synergistic development of nursing students’ operational skills and critical thinking.