胃肠癌早期筛查策略及临床应用价值

Early Screening Strategies for Gastrointestinal Cancer and Their Clinical Value

摘要: 胃癌与结直肠癌是我国高发的消化道恶性肿瘤，早期诊断率低，多数患者确诊时已处于中晚期，预后较差。大量研究表明，系统化早期筛查可显著提高早诊率、降低死亡率，并具有明确的卫生经济学优势。本文围绕胃癌与结直肠癌的发病危险因素、高危人群界定、主流筛查技术、临床应用价值及现存问题与挑战进行系统综述，以期为临床实践与公共卫生决策提供参考。

Abstract: Gastric and colorectal cancers are highly prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies in China. Early diagnosis rates are low, and most patients are diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages, resulting in poor prognoses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that systematic early screening can significantly improve early diagnosis rates, reduce mortality, and offer clear health economic benefits. This article provides a systematic review of the risk factors for gastric and colorectal cancer, the definition of high-risk populations, mainstream screening technologies, clinical utility, and existing issues and challenges, with the aim of providing guidance for clinical practice and public health decision-making.