食用林产品质量安全现状分析与 对策研究

Analysis of the Current Situation and Countermeasures for the Quality and Safety of Edible Forest Products

摘要: 食用林产品是我国食品安全保障体系中不可或缺的组成部分，也是落实大食物观、搭建多元化食品供给体系、打造森林“粮库”的重要载体，主要包含木本粮油、山林鲜果、食用菌、林下蔬菜、林源药食同源产品等类别。该类产品不仅能够优化居民饮食结构，带动林区农户增收致富，还能推动生态保护与林业产业协同共进，具备不可替代的综合价值。最近几年，国内食用林产品产业体量持续扩张，行业产值稳步上扬，质量安全监管体系也在持续完善。但受到生产经营模式、跨部门协同监管机制、技术保障能力等多重因素制约，当前行业依旧面临林地产地污染、农业投入品使用不规范、产品质量追溯机制不健全等问题，各类安全风险依然存在。本文以无锡市马山杨梅、林下竹笋、赤松茸等特色品类为研究案例，结合江苏省林业主管部门近几年针对无锡地区开展的食用林产品质量安全抽检数据，依托社会共治理论与食品安全风险治理框架开展研究，梳理当前行业整体发展态势，深度挖掘问题产生的内在诱因，并从监管机制优化、源头生产管控、标准体系建设、技术能力升级等方面提出改进思路，旨在全面筑牢食用林产品质量安全防线，助力林业产业朝着绿色、安全、长效的方向实现高质量发展。

Abstract: Edible forest products are an indispensable part of China’s food safety guarantee system, an important carrier for implementing the “Big Food”, building a diversified food supply system, and creating a forest “granary”. They mainly include categories such as woody food and oil, wild forest fruits, edible fungi, under- vegetables, and forest-sourced products with both medicinal and food properties. These products not only optimize the dietary structure of residents and increase the income of farmers in forest areas, but promote the synergistic development of ecological protection and the forestry industry, possessing irreplaceable comprehensive value. In recent years, the scale of the domestic edible forest product industry has continued to expand, the output value has steadily risen, and the quality and safety supervision system has been continuously improved. However, constrained by multiple factors such as production and operation models, cross-department collaborative supervision mechanisms, and technical support capabilities, the industry currently still faces problems such as pollution of forest land, irregular use of agricultural inputs, and an unsound product quality traceability mechanism and various safety risks still exist. This paper takes the characteristic categories of Mashan bayberry, under-forest bamboo shoots, and red bolete in Wuxi City as research cases combined with the quality and safety sampling inspection data of edible forest products carried out by the forestry competent department of Jiangsu Province in the Wuxi area in recent years, and conducts research based the theory of social co-governance and the food safety risk governance framework. It sorts out the overall development trend of the current industry, deeply explores the internal causes of the problems and proposes improvement ideas from the aspects of optimizing supervision mechanisms, controlling production at the source, building a standard system, and upgrading technical capabilities, aiming to comprehensively build a strong quality and safety defense for edible forest products, and helping the forestry industry achieve high-quality development in a green, safe, and long-term direction.