高校化学实验改进的多维度探索与实践

Multidimensional Exploration and Practice of University Chemistry Experiment Improvement

摘要: 本文聚焦高校化学实验教学改革，针对教学内容同质化、方法滞后、设备陈旧与配置不足等问题，从内容、教学模式、时空安排、安全与环保等维度推进改进：重构实验项目，融入前沿性与探究性内容；推行混合式教学；全面实施绿色化学，减少试剂用量和废弃物排放。以金属蚀刻、有机合成等实验为例，说明改进后的设计思路、关键注意事项及结果分析。提出对策：更新教学内容，对接学科与产业需求；落实“以学生为中心”，常态化开展自主设计、小组合作与开放式实验；加强实验平台建设，升级硬件与数字资源。最后，展望人工智能辅助、虚拟仿真融合、绿色技术集成等方向对实验教学高质量发展的推动作用，为改革提供切实可行的参考。

Abstract: This study focuses on the reform of chemistry laboratory teaching in universities. Addressing issues such as homogenized teaching content, outdated pedagogical methods, and aging or insufficient equipment, improvements are advanced from four dimensions: content, teaching model, spatial-temporal arrangement, and safety with environmental protection. Specifically, experimental projects are restructured to incorporate cutting-edge and inquiry-oriented content; blended teaching is implemented; and green chemistry is comprehensively promoted to reduce reagent consumption and waste emission. Taking metal etching and organic synthesis experiments as examples, the improved design concepts, key considerations, and result analysis are elaborated. Countermeasures are proposed: updating teaching content to align with disciplinary and industrial demands; implementing a “student-centered” approach with regular autonomous design, group collaboration, and open experiments; and strengthening laboratory platform construction by upgrading hardware and digital resources. Finally, the prospects of artificial intelligence assistance, virtual simulation integration, and green technology incorporation for promoting high-quality development of laboratory teaching are envisioned, providing practical references for reform.