马克思主义历史观的现象学阐释

Phenomenological Interpretation of Marxist Historical View

摘要: 马克思主义历史观作为具有革命性质的历史观，便是在其中引入了现象学的洞见，马克思虽未直接阐释现象学方法，但却通过阐明劳动之本质找到了马克思现象学意义上的现实性实践领域。本文力图从时间性的维度，特别是通过对于马克思、海德格尔以及梅洛庞蒂的时间观之比较的意义上来说明这个作为历史之前提的实践领域的特性，并在这个基础上，试图凭借在马克思历史观中通过现象学还原得到的那一维，针对部分学者因未充分关注马克思思想中的现象学维度，而认为《巴黎手稿》中关于异化劳动与私有财产的论述存在循环论证倾向的观点提出一种不同的理解路径。

Abstract: The revolutionary historical view of Marxism incorporates phenomenological insights. Although Marx did not explicitly elaborate on the phenomenological method, he identified a practical realm of phenomenological significance through clarifying the essence of labor. This article at-tempts to explain the characteristics of this practical realm—the premise of history—from the dimension of temporality, especially through a comparison of the views of time held by Marx, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty. On this basis, it aims to refute the erroneous idea held by some scholars who, failing to perceive Marx’s phenomenological thinking, claim there is an unscien-tific circular argument between alienated labor and private property in Marx’s Paris Manu-scripts.