算法素养：算法治理的关键变量与 提升路径——基于马克思主义理论的视角

Algorithmic Literacy: Key Variables and Enhancement Pathways in Algorithmic Governance—A Perspective from Marxist Theory

摘要: 随着算法技术在社会各领域的深度嵌入，算法治理已成为国家治理现代化的关键议题。本文以马克思主义理论为分析框架，论证算法素养不仅是技术能力，更是一种在数字时代理解、批判与塑造生产关系的“数字阶级意识”雏形。算法治理的效能，关键取决于算法素养这一变量能否有效对冲算法权力带来的异化与剥削风险。本文首先基于马克思主义政治经济学批判，剖析算法技术背后遮蔽的社会权力关系与资本逻辑。继而，从“劳动异化”的当代形态与“人的自由全面发展”目标出发，阐释算法素养的核心内涵应包括：对算法社会效应的历史唯物主义认知、对算法操控的批判性反思能力、以及参与算法规则制定的公共行动能力。最后，本文提出系统性提升算法素养的路径：依托制度优势，构建“国家引导–教育浸润–公众参与–劳动者赋能”四位一体的实践方案，旨在将算法素养培育纳入促进人的解放与社会公平正义的进程中，为算法时代的治理现代化贡献理论思考与实践方向。

Abstract: With the deep integration of algorithmic technology across various social domains, algorithmic governance has become a critical issue in modernizing national governance. This paper employs Marxist theory as an analytical framework to argue that algorithmic literacy is not merely a technical competency but also a nascent form of “digital class consciousness” capable of understanding, critiquing, and shaping production relations in the digital age. The effectiveness of algorithmic governance hinges on whether algorithmic literacy can effectively counteract the alienation and exploitation risks posed by algorithmic power. First, based on Marxist political economy critique, the paper analyzes the obscured social power dynamics and capital logic behind algorithmic technology. Subsequently, starting from the contemporary manifestations of “labor alienation” and the goal of “free and comprehensive development of individuals,” it elucidates that the core connotations of algorithmic literacy should include: historical materialist cognition of algorithmic social effects, critical reflection on algorithmic manipulation, and public action capabilities to participate in shaping algorithmic rules. Finally, the paper proposes a systematic approach to enhancing algorithmic literacy: leveraging institutional advantages to construct a four-in-one practical framework of “state guidance-educational immersion-public participation-worker empowerment.” The aim is to integrate algorithmic literacy cultivation into the process of promoting human liberation and social fairness and justice, contributing theoretical reflections and practical directions to the modernization of governance in the algorithmic era.