数字时代老年友好型城市的权利配置——以“无码老人”的公共服务可及性为视角

Rights Allocation in Age-Friendly Cities in the Digital Era—From the Perspective of Public Service Accessibility for “Code-Free Elderly”

摘要: 数字化与老龄化交叠并存是现代社会治理的基本现状。数字技术全场景应用在提升社会运行效率的同时，也并发地引起老年群体权利的多维度侵蚀，使其陷入“数字生活困境”。这一困境的实质是数字时代的权利配置问题：老年人在公共服务领域面临着从“接入障碍”到“使用鸿沟”再到“选择剥夺”的递进式权利危机。本文以宪法平等权与基本权利保障理论为分析框架，系统阐释老年数字弱势群体权利配置的理论基础，提出“数字接入权–数字适配权–数字拒绝权”的三维权利体系。在此基础上，从立法赋权、行政赋能、司法救济三个维度，探讨以协同保障机制实现老年群体公共服务可及性的法治路径。研究认为，老年友好型城市的法治保障应实现从“形式平等”向“实质平等”的转型，“形式平等”和“实质平等”是宪法平等权的重要内涵。现代社会数字化与老龄化交叉问题的治理应当在代际正义基础上型塑符合发展现实的适老化数字服务体系，确保数字时代“一个都不能少”。

Abstract: The overlap of digitalization and aging constitutes the fundamental reality of modern social governance. While the full-scenario application of digital technology has enhanced the efficiency of social operations, it has concurrently caused multi-dimensional infringements on the rights of the elderly, plunging them into a “digital life dilemma”. The essence of this dilemma lies in the issue of rights allocation in the digital age: the elderly face a progressive rights crisis in the field of public services, ranging from “access barriers” to “usage gaps” and further to “deprivation of choice”. Taking the constitutional right to equality and the theory of fundamental rights protection as its analytical framework, this paper systematically expounds the theoretical basis for rights allocation of the digitally vulnerable elderly group, and proposes a three-dimensional rights system consisting of “digital access right, digital adaptation right, and digital refusal right”. On this basis, it explores the rule-of-law path to achieve accessibility of public services for the elderly through a collaborative protection mechanism from three dimensions: legislative empowerment, administrative enablement, and judicial remedy. The study argues that the rule-of-law guarantee for age-friendly cities should realize the transformation from “formal equality” to “substantive equality”, both of which are important connotations of the constitutional right to equality. The governance of the intersecting issues of digitalization and aging in modern society should shape an age-adapted digital service system in line with developmental realities on the basis of intergenerational justice, ensuring that “no one is left behind” in the digital era.