皖北某市环境空气颗粒物中重金属元素分布 特征及风险评价

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Elements in Particulate Matter in Ambient Air of a City in Northern Anhui Province

摘要: 为探究皖北某市空气颗粒物中重金属的分布特征及潜在健康风险，本研究以皖北某市城区和郊区为研究对象，于2025年秋采集大气颗粒物样品，经研磨、消解、定容后，用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定V、Mn、Ni、Cu、As、Pb等重金属元素含量。分析结果表明：大气颗粒物中重金属含量均低于《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)限值，空间分布上呈现郊区Mn、Pb、含量高于城区，城区Cu含量高于郊区的特征；健康风险评估显示，致癌重金属As、Ni的致癌风险值(R)均低于10⁻⁶，非致癌重金属Pb、Mn、Cu的风险(HQ)均低于1，均处于可接受健康风险范围。本研究可为研究地大气重金属污染防控提供科学依据，也可为同类区域相关研究提供参考。

Abstract: To investigate the distribution characteristics and potential health risks of heavy metals in air particulate matter in a city in northern Anhui. This study selected urban and suburban areas of the city as the study sites. Atmospheric particulate matter samples were collected in the autumn of 2025. After grinding, digestion, and constant-volume preparation, the concentrations of heavy metal elements including V, Mn, Ni, Cu, As, and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results indicated that: the concentrations of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter were all below the limits specified in the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012). In terms of spatial distribution, the concentrations of Mn and Pb in suburban areas were higher than those in urban areas, while the Cu concentration in urban areas was higher than that in suburban areas. The health risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk values (R) for the carcinogenic metals As and Ni were all below 10⁻⁶, and the hazard quotients (HQ) for the non-carcinogenic metals Pb, Mn, and Cu were all below 1, indicating that all risks were within the acceptable range. This study can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of atmospheric heavy metal pollution in the study area, and also serve as a reference for related research in similar regions.