桂林市周边闭坑采石场土壤理化性质分析

Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Properties in Closed Pit Quarry around Guilin City

摘要: 土壤是气候、母质、植被、地形和时间五大成土因素共同作用的产物。土壤性状自然变化缓慢，自然恢复要求的时间特别长。而通过工程恢复的手段改善土壤的理化性质可以较快地达到恢复效果。对矿山的生态恢复来说，土壤理化性状的改善是矿山生态恢复最重要的基础，只有土壤的理化性状得到全面的改善和恢复，矿区的生态恢复才有可能得到全面的改善。为了解和掌握桂林市周边采石场土壤理化性质的变化，采用时空替代法，并在2025年5月和2025年11月分别踏勘了闭坑2年，6年，8年，21年的采石场，并对每个采石场分别随机抽样3个样本并分析了土壤的速效钾、全氮、含水量、pH值4项理化性质。采石场闭坑时间越长、土壤营养含量越高这一规律，只是相对而言，并且在闭坑采石场周围生态恢复缓慢，植物结构单一，主要原因是土壤养分不足，造成植物生长缓慢甚至停止生长。所以要想加快桂林市闭坑采石场的生态恢复速度，需要进行人工干预恢复。

Abstract: Soil is the product of the combined action of five soil-forming factors: climate, parent material, vegetation, topography, and time. Soil properties change naturally slowly, and natural recovery requires an exceptionally long time. In contrast, improving the physical and chemical properties of soil through engineering restoration methods can achieve recovery effects more quickly. For mine ecological restoration, improving the physical and chemical properties of soil is the most important foundation. Only when the physical and chemical properties of the soil are comprehensively improved and restored can the ecological restoration of the mining area be comprehensively improved. To understand and master the changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil around stone quarries in Guilin, the spatiotemporal substitution method was used. Field surveys were conducted in May 2025 and November 2025 at quarries that had been closed for 2, 6, 8, and 21 years respectively. Three random samples were collected from each quarry site, and the soil’s available potassium, total nitrogen, water content, and pH (four physical and chemical properties) were analyzed. The results indicate that the longer the quarry is closed, the higher the soil nutrient content, but this pattern is only relative, additionally, ecological recovery around closed quarries is slow, with simplistic vegetation structure, primarily due to insufficient soil nutrients, which hinders or even halts plant growth. Therefore, to accelerate the ecological restoration of closed quarries in Guilin, artificial intervention is necessary.