中医药治疗寰枢关节半脱位型眩晕的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospects of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Atlantoaxial Subluxation-Type Vertigo

摘要: 寰枢关节半脱位型眩晕为临床常见的颈性眩晕之一。针对西医手术治疗风险高、常规治疗复发率高等局限性，中医药疗法表现出疗效确切、安全性高与复发率低的显著优势。因此，笔者系统梳理了中医正骨手法、针灸、推拿及中药等单一疗法及联合疗法的临床研究现状，并指出以“筋骨并重、内外同治”为核心理念的综合治疗模式在疗愈疾病中更具优势。相关作用机制研究表明，中医药主要通过恢复颈椎生物力学动态平衡、改善椎–基底动脉血流动力学，以及调节神经–体液网络等来发挥止眩作用。未来在制定操作规范指南的同时，更应探索前沿医工交叉技术，实现治疗与评价体系的科学化，并结合先进技术，为中医药治疗该疾病提供更加坚实的循证医学证据，促进中医药在临床实践中的广泛应用。

Abstract: Atlantoaxial subluxation-type vertigo is a common type of cervicogenic vertigo in clinical practice. Given the limitations of Western medicine, such as the high risks of surgical interventions and the high recurrence rates of conventional conservative treatments, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies have demonstrated significant advantages, including definitive efficacy, high safety profile, and low recurrence rates. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the current clinical research status of monotherapies—such as TCM bone-setting manipulation, acupuncture, massage, and Chinese herbal medicine—as well as combination therapies. It highlights that a comprehensive treatment model centered on the core concept of “equal emphasis on bones and sinews, concurrent internal and external treatment” is more advantageous in managing this condition. Research on the underlying mechanisms indicates that TCM alleviates vertigo primarily by restoring the dynamic biomechanical balance of the cervical spine, improving the hemodynamics of the vertebrobasilar artery, and regulating the neurohumoral network. In the future, while establishing standardized operational guidelines, greater emphasis should be placed on exploring cutting-edge interdisciplinary medical-engineering technologies to ensure the scientific rigor of treatment and evaluation systems. By integrating these advanced technologies, we can provide more robust evidence-based support for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in treating this disease, thereby promoting its widespread application in clinical practice.