现代中西医治疗高血压的病因及研究进展

Etiology and Research Progress of Modern Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Treating Hypertension

摘要: 高血压作为全球最常见的慢性疾病之一，是心脑血管疾病最重要的危险因素，全球成人患病率已达31.1%，中国成人高血压患病率高达27.5%，且呈逐年上升和年轻化趋势。高血压不仅会引起头痛、头晕、心悸等不适症状，长期控制不佳还可导致脑卒中、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、慢性肾脏病等损害，显著增加致残率和死亡率，给个人、家庭和社会带来沉重的疾病负担。现代医学认为，高血压多与神经调节异常、肾脏水钠潴留、血管内皮功能障碍、胰岛素抵抗、遗传与环境因素等有关，治疗以药物降压为主。中医虽无“高血压”的病名，但可将其归属于“眩晕”、“头痛”、“肝阳”、“中风”等范畴，在临床中常采用中药内服、针灸、推拿、穴位贴敷、耳穴压豆等多种方法进行治疗。本研究通过系统分析近年来高血压中西医诊疗的相关文献，全面梳理其病因病机、治疗方法等最新研究进展，探讨中西医治疗的优势与前景，为高血压的防治提供参考。

Abstract: Hypertension, as one of the most common chronic diseases globally, is the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The global adult prevalence rate has reached 31.1%, and in China, it stands at a high 27.5%, with a trend of increasing prevalence and younger onset. Hypertension not only causes discomfort symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and palpitations, but also, if poorly controlled over a long period, can lead to damages like stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease, significantly increasing the rates of disability and mortality, and imposing a heavy disease burden on individuals, families, and society. Modern medicine believes that hypertension is often related to abnormal neural regulation, renal water-sodium retention, vascular endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, genetic and environmental factors, and treatment primarily focuses on pharmacological blood pressure reduction. Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) does not have a specific disease term for “hypertension”, it can be classified under categories such as “vertigo”, “headache”, “liver-yang” and “stroke”. In clinical practice, various methods such as oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, tuina (massage), acupoint application, and auricular point pressing with beans are commonly used for treatment. This study systematically analyzes relevant literature on the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension with both traditional Chinese and Western medicine in recent years, comprehensively reviews the latest research progress on its etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment methods, and explores the advantages and prospects of combined TCM and Western medicine treatment, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.