2021~2025年乌鲁木齐周边湿地迁徙候鸟 常见病毒携带状况调查

Investigation of Common Viruses Carriage in Migratory Birds at Wetlands around Urumqi, 2021~2025

摘要: 为调查乌鲁木齐周边湿地迁徙候鸟常见病毒携带状况，于2021~2025年的春、秋季采集候鸟粪便样本，采用PCR及RT-PCR方法检测圆环病毒、冠状病毒、禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒及禽戊型肝炎病毒，并分析阳性率、年度动态及季节分布特征。结果显示：共采集样品2705份，检出阳性样品272份，总阳性率为10.06% (272/2705)。共检出圆环病毒、冠状病毒、禽流感病毒及禽戊型肝炎病毒4种病原，新城疫病毒未检出。其中，圆环病毒与冠状病毒为主要检出类型，阳性率分别为4.70%和3.51%，占全部阳性样品的81.62%；禽流感病毒与禽戊型肝炎病毒阳性率分别为1.00%和0.85%。年度间总阳性率在9.41%~10.43%之间波动，各病毒的年度及季节检出率差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。但在同一季节内，四种病毒检出率差异有统计学意义(春季：χ² = 73.12，P < 0.01；秋季：χ² = 47.50，P < 0.01)，圆环病毒阳性率高于冠状病毒和禽流感病毒，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。研究结果初步揭示了乌鲁木齐周边湿地迁徙候鸟常见病毒携带特征，可为该区域禽类疫病防控提供参考。

Abstract: To investigate the prevalence of common viruses in migratory birds inhabiting wetlands around Urumqi, fecal samples were collected during spring and autumn from 2021 to 2025. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were employed to detect circovirus, coronavirus, avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV), and the positive rates, annual dynamics, and seasonal distribution characteristics were analyzed. A total of 2,705 samples were collected, of which 272 tested positive for at least one virus, yielding an overall positive rate of 10.06% (272/2,705). Four pathogens, including circovirus, coronavirus, AIV, and aHEV, were detected, whereas NDV was not identified in any sample. Circovirus and coronavirus were the predominant pathogens, with positive rates of 4.70% and 3.51%, respectively, accounting for 81.62% of all positive samples. The positive rates of AIV and aHEV were 1.00% and 0.85%, respectively. The annual overall positive rate fluctuated within a narrow range of 9.41%~10.43%, and no statistically significant differences were observed in the annual or seasonal positive rates of individual viruses (P > 0.05). However, within each season, the detection rates of the four viruses differed significantly (spring: χ² = 73.12, P < 0.01; autumn: χ² = 47.50, P < 0.01). The positive rate of circovirus was higher than that of coronavirus and avian influenza virus, and these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). These findings preliminarily characterize the viral prevalence patterns in migratory birds in wetlands around Urumqi, providing reference data for the prevention and control of avian diseases in this region.