社会公平视角下湛江公园绿地可达性评估

Accessibility Assessment and Improvement Strategies of Park Green Spaces in Zhanjiang from the Perspective of Social Equity

摘要: 公园绿地的可达性是衡量城市居民公园绿地资源配置是否公平合理的关键指标。为深入分析湛江市公园绿地的配置现状，探寻优化公园绿地配置的有效途径。本研究通过高斯两步移动搜索法计算居住尺度下的公园绿地可达性特征，分析不同出行方式下公园绿地可达性分布特征，并采用Moran’s I和双变量空间自相关分析方法、洛伦兹曲线以及基尼系数法剖析可达性差异化模式及供需平衡特征。结果显示：1) 湛江市中心城区可达性特征分异现象明显，麻章区在3种出行方式下的可达性平均值均处于最低水平，赤坎区和霞山区随着出行范围扩大，公园绿地可达性差异缩小。2) 湛江市中心城区公园绿地可达性存在空间集聚现象，出行范围扩大后，高值聚类增多，低值聚类减少。3) 湛江市中心城区的公园绿地资源存在供需不均衡现象，赤坎区中部、麻章区公园绿地资源紧缺，供不应求，而市中心东部沿海区域公园绿地供大于求。湛江市的公园绿地可达性亟待提高，应针对湛江市中心城区不同区域公园绿地可达性及供需关系的差异化特征，制定分区分类的规划管理策略，促进社会公平在城市绿地资源配置中的实现。

Abstract: The accessibility of park green spaces serves as a crucial indicator for ensuring equitable resource allocation of urban residents’ park green spaces. This study aims to analyze whether the distribution of park green spaces in Zhanjiang City is fair and reasonable, and to explore methods for optimizing their allocation. This research employs the Gaussian two-step moving search method to calculate accessibility characteristics of park green spaces within residential scales, analyzes distribution patterns under different travel modes, and utilizes Moran’s I, bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis, Lorenz curves, and Gini coefficient methods to examine accessibility differentiation patterns and supply-demand balance characteristics. 1) The accessibility characteristics in central urban areas of Zhanjiang show significant regional disparities: Mazhang District exhibits the lowest average accessibility across all three travel modes, while Chikan District and Xiashan District demonstrate reduced accessibility differences as travel ranges expand. 2) Spatial clustering patterns emerge in central urban areas, with increased high-value clusters and decreased low-value clusters as travel ranges increase. 3) Supply-demand imbalance persists in central urban park green spaces, where Chikan District’s central area and Mazhang District face resource scarcity with supply-demand mismatches, whereas the eastern coastal area of the city experiences oversupply. Improving park green space accessibility in Zhanjiang City is urgent. Tailored planning strategies should be developed based on differentiated accessibility characteristics and supply-demand relationships across urban districts, thereby promoting social equity in urban green space resource allocation.