老龄化背景下我国农村互助养老模式的困境与优化路径研究

Research on the Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of China’s Rural Mutual-Aid Elderly Care Model under the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程持续加速，农村地区老龄化程度远超城镇，传统家庭养老功能弱化、机构养老供给不足的双重困境日益凸显，农村互助养老模式凭借低成本、接地气、贴合乡土社会的独特优势，成为破解农村养老难题的重要探索。本文系统剖析当前农村互助养老在资金保障、人员供给、服务质量、运行机制及社会认同等方面存在的突出困境，从政策完善、资源整合、人才建设、机制创新、文化培育五个维度，提出针对性的优化路径，为完善农村养老服务体系、推动乡村养老高质量发展、积极应对人口老龄化提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of accelerating population aging in China, the aging level in rural areas has far outpaced that in urban areas. A dual dilemma has become increasingly prominent: the weakening function of traditional family-based elderly care and the insufficient supply of institutional elderly care. With its unique advantages of low cost, down-to-earth nature and compatibility with rural society, the rural mutual-aid elderly care model has emerged as an important exploration to solve the rural elderly care problem. This paper systematically analyzes the prominent dilemmas of current rural mutual-aid elderly care in terms of fund guarantee, personnel supply, service quality, operation mechanism and social recognition. From five dimensions including policy improvement, resource integration, talent development, mechanism innovation and cultural cultivation, it puts forward targeted optimization paths, so as to provide theoretical support and practical reference for improving the rural elderly care service system, promoting high-quality development of rural elderly care and actively responding to population aging.