法国大学校人文社科拔尖创新人才培养的实践探究与经验启示

Practical Exploration and Experience Insights on the Cultivation of Outstanding and Innovative Talents in Humanities and Social Sciences in French Grandes Écoles

摘要: 在教育强国建设、新文科建设与基础学科拔尖学生培养计划持续推进的背景下，人文社科拔尖创新人才自主培养成为我国高等教育改革的重要议题。法国“大学校”体系在精英选拔、研究性教学、跨学科培养和国际化资源整合方面形成了较为成熟的制度经验。本文在梳理法国大学校人文社科教育发展历程、培养特征与典型案例的基础上，进一步回应国内关于新文科建设和文科拔尖人才培养的研究脉络，分析法国经验向中国高校转化时面临的高考选拔、大学行政化管理、学科评价和资源配置等制度约束。研究认为，法国经验的借鉴不宜停留于模式平移，而应转化为“多元潜质识别、研究性教学嵌入、跨学科平台支撑、国际化与本土问题结合”的情境化路径。由此可为我国高校优化人文社科拔尖创新人才培养机制、构建中国特色文科人才培养体系提供参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of China’s efforts to strengthen education, advance the New Liberal Arts, and cultivate top-notch students in basic disciplines, the development of outstanding and innovative talent in the humanities and social sciences has become an important issue in higher education reform. The French Grandes Écoles system has accumulated distinctive experience in elite selection, research-oriented teaching, interdisciplinary education, and international resource integration. Based on an analysis of its historical development, cultivation characteristics, and representative cases, this study examines the applicability of the French experience to Chinese universities. It focuses on institutional constraints arising from the college entrance examination system, university governance, discipline-based evaluation, and resource allocation. The study argues that the French model should not be directly copied. Instead, its underlying mechanisms should be adapted through diversified talent identification, research-oriented teaching, interdisciplinary platforms, and the integration of international perspectives with Chinese issues. These findings provide references for improving humanities and social sciences talent cultivation in China.