大语言模型赋能高校英语教学的应用场景、 风险与优化路径研究

Research on Application Scenarios, Risks, and Optimization Paths of Large Language Models in University English Teaching

摘要: 以大语言模型为代表的生成式人工智能技术正在深刻改变高校英语教学的面貌。文章以人机互动协商能力为核心分析框架，系统考察了大语言模型在英语写作、翻译和口语三个教学环节中的具体应用方式，深入分析了技术内生风险、教学关系风险与学习者能力发展风险等多维挑战，并据此从学生能力培养、教师素养提升和制度机制建设三个维度提出了优化路径。研究发现，人机互动协商能力是决定大语言模型教育应用成效的关键变量，系统培养该能力是实现技术赋能与风险防控双重目标的核心抓手。

Abstract: Generative AI technologies represented by large language models are profoundly transforming university English teaching. Taking human-AI interactive negotiation competence as the core analytical framework, this study systematically examines the application of large language models in English writing, translation, and oral teaching, analyzes multidimensional challenges including technical endogenous risks, pedagogical relationship risks, and learner competency development risks, and proposes optimization pathways from three dimensions: student competency cultivation, teacher literacy enhancement, and institutional mechanism construction. The findings indicate that human-AI interactive negotiation competence is the key variable determining the effectiveness of LLM educational applications.