韧性重构：农村丧亲老人抗逆力提升的社会 工作实务探索

Resilience Reconstruction: A Social Work Practice Exploration on Enhancing Resilience of Rural Bereaved Elderly

摘要: 伴随农村家庭养老功能弱化，丧亲老人面临身心脆弱、支持断裂等多重困境，既有研究对其内在抗逆力关注不足。本文引入抗逆力理论，以“风险因子–保护因子”互动模型分析发现：农村丧亲老人风险因子呈个体、家庭、社区、制度多层面叠加，保护因子则整体弱化。基于此，提出“互助增能–优势共建–合理赋权–意义建构”四维一体的社会工作实务框架，通过激活群体支持、挖掘个体与社区资源、畅通利益表达、重构生命叙事，形成从行为改变到精神重建的系统性干预路径，以期为农村丧亲老人服务提供理论参照。

Abstract: With the weakening of rural family support functions, bereaved elderly in rural areas face multiple challenges including physical and psychological vulnerability and fractured support networks. Existing research pays insufficient attention to their inherent resilience. This study introduces resilience theory and employs the “risk factor-protective factor” interaction model to analyze the situation. Findings reveal that risk factors for rural bereaved elderly accumulate across individual, family, community, and institutional levels, while protective factors remain generally weakened. Accordingly, a four-dimensional social work practice framework of “mutual empowerment-strength co-construction-reasonable empowerment-meaning reconstruction” is proposed. By activating group support, tapping individual and community resources, facilitating interest expression, and reconstructing life narratives, this framework establishes a systematic intervention pathway from behavioral change to spiritual rebuilding, offering theoretical reference for services targeting rural bereaved elderly.