超级电容直接耦合技术在抽油机节能改造中的研究与应用

Research and Application of Supercapacitor Direct-Connection Technology in Energy-Saving Retrofitting of Pumping Units

摘要: 针对抽油机周期性位能负载导致的再生能量浪费及传统储能方案结构复杂、成本偏高的问题，提出不带DC/DC变换器的超级电容应用模式，将超级电容模组直接并接于抽油机变频器直流母线，实现下冲程制动能量就地回收、上冲程瞬时释放，简化系统架构的同时达成节能目标。通过煤层气单井试点验证，该系统平均充放电效率在95%以上，单井抽油机日均节电率达10%以上，系统连续稳定运行一年，未发生任何故障，验证了该模式的可行性、经济性与工程实用性，为油田抽油机节能改造提供低成本、易落地的新路径。

Abstract: To address the issues of regenerative energy waste caused by periodic gravitational loads of pumping units, as well as the structural complexity and high cost of conventional energy storage solutions, this paper proposes a simplified supercapacitor application scheme without a DC/DC converter. In this scheme, a supercapacitor module is directly connected in parallel to the DC bus of the pumping unit’s variable frequency drive (VFD), enabling local recovery of braking energy during the downstroke and instantaneous energy release during the upstroke. This approach simplifies the system architecture while achieving energy-saving objectives. Pilot verification at a single coalbed methane (CBM) well demonstrates that this simplified system achieves an average charge-discharge efficiency exceeding 95% and a daily average energy saving rate of over 10% for the pumping unit. The system has operated continuously and stably for one year without any failure, confirming the feasibility, economy, and engineering practicality of this simplified scheme. It provides a low-cost, easy-to-implement new pathway for energy-saving retrofitting of pumping units in oilfields.