农田土壤重金属污染来源、迁移累积及防控修复研究进展综述

A Review of the Research Progress on the Sources, Migration, Accumulation, Prevention, and Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soil

摘要: 随着工业化和农业机械化生产进程的持续推进，土壤污染已成为不可忽视的环境问题，而其中的重要部分便是土壤重金属污染。现有重金属污染土壤治理手段包含物理、化学、生物修复与新兴联合修复工艺。然而，目前关于重金属污染土壤修复的标准仍不够完善。由于重金属具有持久性、隐蔽性和难降解性，其在土壤中的累积不仅威胁生态系统功能，也对农业生产和人体健康构成长期风险，当前由于修复技术的快速发展，修复土壤的技术标准框架仍相对滞后，制约了相关技术的规范化应用与推广。本文系统综述了土壤重金属的来源与污染现状，比较分析了主要修复技术的优势、局限性及适用条件，进一步梳理了修复标准及修复技术的研究进展，以期为重金属污染土壤修复研究与实践提供理论支撑。

Abstract: With the continuous advancement of industrialization and agricultural mechanization, soil pollution has become an environmental problem that cannot be ignored, and an important part of it is soil heavy metal pollution. The existing heavy metal contaminated soil treatment methods include physical, chemical, bioremediation and emerging combined remediation processes. However, the current standards for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil are still not perfect. Due to the persistence, concealment and difficult degradation of heavy metals, their accumulation in soil not only threatens the function of ecosystem, but also poses a long-term risk to agricultural production and human health. At present, due to the rapid development of remediation technology, the technical standard framework of soil remediation is still lagging behind, which restricts the standardized application and promotion of related technologies. This paper systematically reviewed the sources and pollution status of heavy metals in soil, compared and analyzed the advantages, limitations and applicable conditions of the main remediation technologies, and further combed the research progress of remediation standards and remediation technologies, in order to provide theoretical support for the research and practice of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation.