大数据能力驱动大规模个性化定制的组态路径研究

Research on the Configurational Paths of Big Data Capability Driving Massive Personalized Customization

摘要: 在“以用户为中心”的制造业变革浪潮中，大规模个性化定制(MPC)已成为企业获取竞争优势的核心战略，但实践中大量企业面临“想转不会转、想投不敢投”的困境。本研究基于资源协奏理论，构建“认知资源–关系资源–技术资源”的三维分析框架，运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法对277家中国企业数据进行分析，探究大数据能力驱动MPC能力的组态路径。研究发现：高水平MPC能力的实现存在全面协同型、技术补偿型、内部整合型三条等效组态路径，揭示了“殊途同归”的能力生成逻辑；资源之间存在复杂的补偿与替代机制，模块化设计能力的缺失可由智能制造与关系资源协同补偿，供应链协同能力的缺失可由内部垂直整合替代；大数据能力扮演“赋能者”角色，其价值释放依赖于关系资源与技术资源的协同支撑。理论贡献在于将资源协奏理论拓展至MPC情境，识别了“资源补偿”新机制。实践启示方面，中小企业应聚焦“补偿型”路径，政策应从“技术补贴”转向“能力建设补贴”。

Abstract: In the wave of user-centric manufacturing transformation, Massive Personalized Customization (MPC) has become a core strategy for enterprises to gain competitive advantages. However, in practice, many enterprises face the dilemma of being “unable to transform despite wanting to, and afraid to invest despite needing to.” Based on resource orchestration theory, this study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework of “cognitive resources—relational resources—technological resources” and employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to analyze data from 277 Chinese enterprises, exploring the configurational paths through which big data capability drives MPC capability. The findings reveal that achieving high-level MPC capability entails three equivalent configurational paths: comprehensive synergy, technological compensation, and internal integration, demonstrating an “equifinality” logic of capability generation. Complex substitution and compensation mechanisms exist among resources: the lack of modular design capability can be compensated for by smart manufacturing and relational resources, while the lack of supply chain collaboration capability can be substituted by internal vertical integration. Big data capability plays an “enabler” role, its value realization relying on synergistic support from relational resources (data sources) and technological resources (execution vehicles). The theoretical contribution lies in extending resource orchestration theory to the MPC context and identifying the novel mechanism of “resource compensation.” In terms of practical implications, small and medium-sized enterprises should focus on “compensation-oriented” paths, and policies should shift from “technology subsidies” to “capability-building subsidies”.