虚拟仿真技术在民族地区高中生物学薄弱实验中的应用实践——以“低温诱导植物染色体数目变化”为例

Practical Application of Virtual Simulation Technology in Weak Biology Experiments of Senior High Schools in Ethnic Areas—Taking “Low-Temperature Induction of Plant Chromosome Number Variation” as an Example

摘要: “低温诱导植物染色体数目变化”是高中生物的经典实验，民族地区高中因教育资源有限、实验设备不足、教学条件受限，传统实验存在实验周期长、条件难把控、制片流程烦琐、观察难度大、实验成功率低等问题。为破解民族地区生物实验“做不了、做不好、做不透”的教学困境，本研究依托虚拟仿真技术，构建虚实融合教学模式，以虚拟仿真实验为载体，帮助学生完成对实验原理的理解、操作流程预演以及实验现象观察。借助高一两个平行班的对比教学可以发现：实验班学生在原理理解、操作规范程度以及学习兴趣等方面都明显比对照班更好。实践表明，虚拟仿真技术能够有效改善民族地区薄弱实验教学现状，为生物学实验教学改革提供实践借鉴。

Abstract: The experiment of low-temperature induction of plant chromosome number variation is a classic teaching experiment in senior high school biology. Restricted by limited educational resources, insufficient experimental equipment and inadequate teaching conditions, senior high schools in ethnic regions face prominent problems in traditional experiments, including long experimental cycles, uncontrollable experimental conditions, complicated specimen preparation procedures, difficult microscopic observation and low experimental success rates. To solve the teaching dilemma that biology experiments in ethnic areas are difficult to carry out, operate accurately and understand thoroughly, this study constructs a virtual-reality integrated teaching model based on virtual simulation technology. Taking virtual simulation experiments as the core carrier, it assists students in understanding experimental principles, rehearsing operational procedures, and observing experimental phenomena. A comparative teaching experiment conducted on two parallel Grade 10 classes shows that students in the experimental class perform significantly better than those in the control class in terms of principle understanding, operational standardization and learning interest. The practice proves that virtual simulation technology can effectively improve the current situation of weak experimental teaching in ethnic areas and provide practical references for the teaching reform of biology experiments.