达格列净对老年糖尿病前期患者胰岛β细胞功能和内脏脂肪的影响
Effects of Dapagliflozin on the Function of Pancreatic Islet β Cells and Visceral Fat in Elderly Prediabetic Patients
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1672691, PDF,   
作者: 何新姣, 张瀚元, 梁韵琦, 祁昱辛, 刘瑞冬：青岛大学青岛医学院，山东 青岛；曹彩霞*：青岛大学附属医院老年医学科，山东 青岛
关键词: 达格列净；糖尿病前期；胰岛β细胞功能；内脏脂肪；老年；Dapagliflozin； Prediabetes； Islet β Cell Function； Visceral Fat； Elderly
摘要: 目的：探讨达格列净对糖尿病前期患者胰岛β细胞功能和内脏脂肪的影响，并比较对胰岛β细胞功能和内脏脂肪的影响在老年组(≥60岁)与非老年组(<60岁)是否存在差异。方法：选取2024年1月至2024年12月于我院就诊的糖尿病前期患者234例，并根据年龄分为老年组(≥60岁，n = 73)和非老年组(n < 60岁，n = 161)，所有患者均接受达格列净(10 mg，每日一次)联合生活方式干预治疗6个月，收集并比较两组患者治疗前后的临床生化和人体成分分析指标，包括体重、BMI、血糖、胰岛功能、血脂、肝肾功能及内脏脂肪等。结果：(1) 治疗前，两组患者在BMI、收缩压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、体脂百分比、腰围及内脏脂肪面积等指标上无显著差异(P > 0.05)。老年组舒张压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、eGFR、尿酸、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-β及HOMA-IR均显著低于非老年组，而OGTT 2小时血糖显著高于非老年组(P < 0.05)。(2) 干预6个月后，两组空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-β、HOMA-IR及内脏脂肪面积均较治疗前显著改善(P < 0.05)。其中，老年组空腹血糖由5.32 (5.02, 5.86)降至5.19 (4.78, 5.54) mmol/L，非老年组由5.21 (4.84, 5.69)降至5.11 (4.74, 5.45) mmol/L；糖化血红蛋白老年组由6.00 (5.80, 6.20)降至5.70 (5.50, 5.90)%，非老年组由5.90 (5.60, 6.20)降至5.60 (5.40, 5.90)%；空腹胰岛素老年组由14.57 (11.60, 17.40)降至10.20 (7.72, 11.80) mU/L，非老年组由17.40 (12.20, 26.00)降至13.54 (8.55, 20.40) mU/L。HOMA-β两组均较治疗前显著下降[老年组由155.96 (102.50, 209.91)降至106.83 (87.16, 160.68)，非老年组由212.03 (134.44, 333.33)降至159.41 (103.06, 270.73)，均P < 0.05]；HOMA-IR老年组由3.46 (2.75, 4.22)降至2.24 (1.79, 2.68)，非老年组由4.15 (2.79, 6.05)降至3.04 (1.93, 4.65) (P<0.05)；内脏脂肪面积老年组由81.90 (61.50, 104.70)降至71.70 (44.70, 88.60) cm2，非老年组由84.20 (52.80, 117.60)降至67.60 (41.00, 102.60) cm2 (均P < 0.05)。两组在HOMA-β、HOMA-IR、糖化血红蛋白及内脏脂肪面积的变化差值上均无显著差异。两组体脂百分比均显著下降，但老年组降幅低于非老年组(P < 0.05)，老年组由28.50 (21.80, 33.90)降至23.70 (19.90, 26.80)%，非老年组由27.10 (21.50, 35.10)降至19.00 (15.70, 21.50)%。(3) 临床疗效方面，老年组的显效率显著低于非老年组(16.44% vs 29.19%，低12.8%，95%CI：0.7%~24.8%)；老年组有效率亦显著低于非老年组(35.6% vs 54.0%, P < 0.05)。结论：达格列净可显著改善糖尿病前期患者的胰岛功能及胰岛素抵抗，降低内脏脂肪面积，但老年患者达到临床缓解标准的比例明显低于非老年患者。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on islet β cell function and visceral fat in patients with prediabetes, and to compare the effects on islet β cell function and visceral fat in the elderly group (≥60 years old) and the non-elderly group (<60 years old). Methods: A total of 234 patients with prediabetes who attended our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected and divided into the elderly group (≥60 years, n = 73) and the non-elderly group (n < 60 years, n = 161) according to age. All patients received dapagliflozin (10 mg once daily) combined with lifestyle intervention for 6 months. The clinical biochemical and body composition analysis indexes of the two groups before and after treatment were collected and compared, including body weight, BMI, blood glucose, pancreatic islet function, blood lipids, liver and kidney function, and visceral fat. Results: (1) At baseline, there were no significant differences between the elderly and non‑elderly groups in BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, body fat percentage, waist circumference, or visceral fat area (all P > 0.05). However, the elderly group exhibited significantly lower levels of diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), uric acid, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of β‑cell function (HOMA‑β), and insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR), while their 2‑hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood glucose was significantly higher than that of the non‑elderly group (P < 0.05 for all). (2) After 6 months of intervention, both groups showed significant improvements from baseline in fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, HOMA‑β, HOMA‑IR, and visceral fat area (all P < 0.05). Specifically, fasting blood glucose decreased from 5.32 (5.02, 5.86) to 5.19 (4.78, 5.54) mmol/L in the elderly group, and from 5.21 (4.84, 5.69) to 5.11 (4.74, 5.45) mmol/L in the non‑elderly group. Glycated hemoglobin fell from 6.00 (5.80, 6.20) to 5.70 (5.50, 5.90)% in the elderly group and from 5.90 (5.60, 6.20) to 5.60 (5.40, 5.90)% in the non‑elderly group. Fasting insulin declined from 14.57 (11.60, 17.40) to 10.20 (7.72, 11.80) mU/L in the elderly group, and from 17.40 (12.20, 26.00) to 13.54 (8.55, 20.40) mU/L in the non‑elderly group. HOMA‑β decreased significantly in both groups [elderly: from 155.96 (102.50, 209.91) to 106.83 (87.16, 160.68); non‑elderly: from 212.03 (134.44, 333.33) to 159.41 (103.06, 270.73); all P < 0.05]. HOMA‑IR also decreased significantly [elderly: from 3.46 (2.75, 4.22) to 2.24 (1.79, 2.68); non‑elderly: from 4.15 (2.79, 6.05) to 3.04 (1.93, 4.65); P < 0.05]. Visceral fat area reduced from 81.90 (61.50, 104.70) to 71.70 (44.70, 88.60) cm2 in the elderly group, and from 84.20 (52.80, 117.60) to 67.60 (41.00, 102.60) cm2 in the non‑elderly group (all P < 0.05). No significant between‑group differences were observed in the magnitude of change for HOMA‑β, HOMA‑IR, glycated hemoglobin, or visceral fat area. Body fat percentage decreased markedly in both groups, but the reduction was significantly smaller in the elderly group than in the non‑elderly group (P < 0.05): from 28.50 (21.80, 33.90) to 23.70 (19.90, 26.80)% in the elderly, and from 27.10 (21.50, 35.10) to 19.00 (15.70, 21.50)% in the non‑elderly. (3) Regarding clinical efficacy, the elderly group had a significantly lower marked response rate compared with the non‑elderly group (16.44% vs. 29.19%, difference of 12.8%, 95%CI: 0.7%~24.8%), and the overall effective rate was also significantly reduced in the elderly group (35.6% vs. 54.0%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dapagliflozin can significantly improve pancreatic islet function and insulin resistance and reduce visceral fat area in patients with prediabetes, but the proportion of elderly patients meeting the clinical remission criteria is significantly lower than that of non-elderly patients.
文章引用：何新姣, 张瀚元, 梁韵琦, 祁昱辛, 刘瑞冬, 曹彩霞. 达格列净对老年糖尿病前期患者胰岛β细胞功能和内脏脂肪的影响[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(7): 1685-1695. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1672691

参考文献

[1] 中华医学会内分泌学分会, 中华医学会糖尿病学分会, 中国医师协会内分泌代谢科医师分会. 中国成人糖尿病前期干预的专家共识(2023版) [J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2023, 15(6): 484-494.
[2] Yu, M.K., Vart, P., Jongs, N., Correa-Rotter, R., Rossing, P., McMurray, J.J.V., et al. (2024) Effects of Dapagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease across the Spectrum of Age and by Sex. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 39, 921-930. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Asmelash, D., Mesfin Bambo, G., Sahile, S. and Asmelash, Y. (2023) Prevalence and Associated Factors of Prediabetes in Adult East African Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heliyon, 9, e21286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Cao, C., Zhang, X., Yuan, J., Zan, Y., Zhang, X., Xue, C., et al. (2022) Nonlinear Relationship between Aspartate Aminotransferase to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio and the Risk of Prediabetes: A Retrospective Study Based on Chinese Adults. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, Article 1041616. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Tabák, A.G., Herder, C., Rathmann, W., Brunner, E.J. and Kivimäki, M. (2012) Prediabetes: A High-Risk State for Diabetes Development. The Lancet, 379, 2279-2290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Joseph, A., Sewor, C., Kodapally, B., Manda, C.E., Joseph, J. and Mathews, E. (2025) The Burden of Prediabetes in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79, 827-846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Dagogo-Jack, S. (2025) Pathobiology of Prediabetes: Understanding and Interrupting Progressive Dysglycemia and Associated Complications. Diabetes, 74, 2155-2167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Echouffo-Tcheugui, J.B., Perreault, L., Ji, L. and Dagogo-Jack, S. (2023) Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes. JAMA, 329, 1206-1216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Schlesinger, S., Neuenschwander, M., Barbaresko, J., Lang, A., Maalmi, H., Rathmann, W., et al. (2022) Prediabetes and Risk of Mortality, Diabetes-Related Complications and Comorbidities: Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Studies. Diabetologia, 65, 275-285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Dove, A., Wang, J., Huang, H., Dunk, M.M., Sakakibara, S., Guitart-Masip, M., et al. (2024) Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Brain Aging: The Role of Healthy Lifestyle. Diabetes Care, 47, 1794-1802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Karandish, M., Mozaffari-khosravi, H., Mohammadi, S.M., Cheraghian, B. and Azhdari, M. (2022) Curcumin and Zinc Co-Supplementation along with a Loss-Weight Diet Can Improve Lipid Profiles in Subjects with Prediabetes: A Multi-Arm, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Clinical Trial. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 14, Article No. 22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Pakpour, V., Molayi, F. and Nemati, H. (2024) Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pre-Diabetic Older People Regarding Pre-Diabetes. BMC Geriatrics, 24, Article No. 264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Młynarska, E., Czarnik, W., Dzieża, N., Jędraszak, W., Majchrowicz, G., Prusinowski, F., et al. (2025) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26, Article 1094. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Unnikrishnan, R., Shaw, J.E., Chan, J.C.N., Wild, S.H., Peters, A.L., Orrange, S., et al. (2025) Prediabetes. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 11, Article No. 49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Bacha, F., Hannon, T.S., Tosur, M., Pike, J.M., Butler, A., Tommerdahl, K.L., et al. (2024) Pathophysiology and Treatment of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Youth. Diabetes Care, 47, 2038-2049. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Serbis, A., Giapros, V., Tsamis, K., Balomenou, F., Galli-Tsinopoulou, A. and Siomou, E. (2023) β Cell Dysfunction in Youth-and Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: An Extensive Narrative Review with a Special Focus on the Role of Nutrients. Nutrients, 15, Article 2217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Chen, G., Shi, L., Cai, L., Lin, W., Huang, H., Liang, J., et al. (2017) Comparison of Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Dysfunction between the Young and the Elderly in Normal Glucose Tolerance and Prediabetes Population: A Prospective Study. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 49, 135-141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Liu, C., Foti, K., Grams, M.E., Shin, J. and Selvin, E. (2020) Trends in Self-Reported Prediabetes and Metformin Use in the USA: NHANES 2005-2014. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35, 95-101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] DeBoer, M.D., Filipp, S.L. and Gurka, M.J. (2018) Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity z Score to Track Risk during Treatment of Prediabetes: An Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care, 41, 2421-2430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Khalili, M., Lombardero, M., Chung, R.T., Terrault, N.A., Ghany, M.G., Kim, W.R., et al. (2015) Diabetes and Prediabetes in Patients with Hepatitis B Residing in North America. Hepatology, 62, 1364-1374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Kullmann, S., Hummel, J., Wagner, R., Dannecker, C., Vosseler, A., Fritsche, L., et al. (2022) Empagliflozin Improves Insulin Sensitivity of the Hypothalamus in Humans with Prediabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial. Diabetes Care, 45, 398-406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Xu, B., Li, S., Kang, B. and Zhou, J. (2022) The Current Role of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 21, Article No. 83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] ElSayed, N.A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R.R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B.S., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2024) 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care, 47, S20-S42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] ElSayed, N.A., McCoy, R.G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E.A., Briggs Early, K., et al. (2025) 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025. Diabetes Care, 48, S27-S49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Tian, Y., Qiu, Z., Wang, F., Deng, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., et al. (2024) Associations of Diabetes and Prediabetes with Mortality and Life Expectancy in China: A National Study. Diabetes Care, 47, 1969-1977. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Li, S., Wang, Y. and Gong, Q. (2025) Multi-Dimensional Roles of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Beyond Hypoglycemic and Cardiorenal Protection. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 16, Article 1641699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[27] Alsereidi, F.R., Khashim, Z., Marzook, H., Al-Rawi, A.M., Salomon, T., Almansoori, M.K., et al. (2024) Dapagliflozin Mitigates Cellular Stress and Inflammation through PI3K/AKT Pathway Modulation in Cardiomyocytes, Aortic Endothelial Cells, and Stem Cell-Derived β Cells. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 23, Article No. 388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] 张秀娟, 郭凯, 王灿. 达格列净对老年肥胖型2型糖尿病患者血糖波动、胰岛β细胞功能及体型的影响[J]. 老年医学与保健, 2025, 31(3): 714-719.
[29] Lee, D.M., Battson, M.L., Jarrell, D.K., Hou, S., Ecton, K.E., Weir, T.L., et al. (2018) SGLT2 Inhibition via Dapagliflozin Improves Generalized Vascular Dysfunction and Alters the Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 17, Article No. 62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Wei, R., Cui, X., Feng, J., Gu, L., Lang, S., Wei, T., et al. (2020) Dapagliflozin Promotes β Cell Regeneration by Inducing Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Phenotype Conversion in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Metabolism, 111, Article ID: 154324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Tanday, N., Irwin, N., Flatt, P.R. and Moffett, R.C. (2020) Dapagliflozin Exerts Positive Effects on β Cells, Decreases Glucagon and Does Not Alter β-to α-Cell Transdifferentiation in Mouse Models of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance. Biochemical Pharmacology, 177, Article ID: 114009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Jiang, Y., Yang, J., Xia, L., Wei, T., Cui, X., Wang, D., et al. (2024) Gut Microbiota-Tryptophan Metabolism-GLP-1 Axis Participates in β-Cell Regeneration Induced by Dapagliflozin. Diabetes, 73, 926-940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Reverte, V., Rodriguez, F., Oltra, L., Moreno, J.M., Llinás, M.T., Shea, C.M., et al. (2022) SGLT2 Inhibition Potentiates the Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Effects of SGC Stimulation in Hypertensive Rats with Prolonged Exposure to High-Fat Diet. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 322, H523-H536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Veelen, A., Andriessen, C., Op den Kamp, Y., Erazo-Tapia, E., de Ligt, M., Mevenkamp, J., et al. (2023) Effects of the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Substrate Metabolism in Prediabetic Insulin Resistant Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Trial. Metabolism, 140, Article ID: 155396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Xie, L.L. and Xia, W.F. (2022) Characteristics and Molecular Mechanisms through Which SGLT2 Inhibitors Improve Metabolic Diseases: A Mechanism Review. Life Sciences, 300, Article ID: 120543. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Xu, L., Nagata, N., Nagashimada, M., Zhuge, F., Ni, Y., Chen, G., et al. (2017) SGLT2 Inhibition by Empagliflozin Promotes Fat Utilization and Browning and Attenuates Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Polarizing M2 Macrophages in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. eBioMedicine, 20, 137-149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Wilding, J.P.H., Woo, V., Soler, N.G., Pahor, A., Sugg, J., Rohwedder, K., et al. (2012) Long-Term Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving High Doses of Insulin: A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156, 405-415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Bolinder, J., Ljunggren, Ö., Kullberg, J., Johansson, L., Wilding, J., Langkilde, A.M., et al. (2012) Effects of Dapagliflozin on Body Weight, Total Fat Mass, and Regional Adipose Tissue Distribution in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97, 1020-1031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Aragón-Herrera, A., Moraña-Fernández, S., Otero-Santiago, M., Anido-Varela, L., Campos-Toimil, M., García-Seara, J., et al. (2023) The Lipidomic and Inflammatory Profiles of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues Are Distinctly Regulated by the SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 161, Article ID: 114535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Kabir, M., Bergman, R.N., Porter, J., Stefanovski, D., Paszkiewicz, R.L., Piccinini, F., et al. (2023) Dapagliflozin Prevents Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in the Insulin‐Resistant Canine Model. Obesity, 31, 1798-1811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Phrueksotsai, S., Pinyopornpanish, K., Euathrongchit, J., Leerapun, A., Phrommintikul, A., Buranapin, S., et al. (2021) The Effects of Dapagliflozin on Hepatic and Visceral Fat in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 36, 2952-2959. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Hayashi, T., Fukui, T., Nakanishi, N., Yamamoto, S., Tomoyasu, M., Osamura, A., et al. (2017) Dapagliflozin Decreases Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Increases High-Density Lipoprotein 2-Cholesterol in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Comparison with Sitagliptin. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 16, Article No. 8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Ma, J., Lin, J., Liu, C., Li, X., et al. (2025) Dapagliflozin plus Calorie Restriction for Remission of Type 2 Diabetes: Multicentre, Double Blind, Randomised, Placebo Controlled Trial. BMJ, 388, e081820. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[44] Op den Kamp, Y.J.M., de Ligt, M., Dautzenberg, B., Kornips, E., Esterline, R., Hesselink, M.K.C., et al. (2021) Effects of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Energy Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Trial. Diabetes Care, 44, 1334-1343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Deng, M., Wen, Y., Yan, J., Fan, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, R., et al. (2023) Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Different Treatment Regimens for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. BMC Medicine, 21, Article No. 447. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[46] Suijk, D.L.S., van Baar, M.J.B., van Bommel, E.J.M., Iqbal, Z., Krebber, M.M., Vallon, V., et al. (2022) SGLT2 Inhibition and Uric Acid Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Normal Kidney Function. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 17, 663-671. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

为你推荐