电子商务赋能农村经济转型与发展的路径研究

E-Commerce Empowering the Transformation and Development of Rural Economy: A Pathway Study

摘要: 随着数字技术与乡村振兴战略的深度融合，电子商务已成为推动农村经济转型与发展的关键力量。本文在系统梳理电子商务赋能农村经济的作用机理基础上，深入分析了当前农村电商发展面临的深层制约因素，并从产业结构转型、流通体系重构、主体能力提升、制度环境优化等维度，提出了电子商务赋能农村经济转型与发展的系统路径。研究表明，电子商务通过降低交易成本、重构价值链、拓展市场边界、促进产业融合等机制，有效推动了农村经济从传统农业向现代农业、从封闭分散向开放协同的转型。然而，基础设施“最后一公里”梗阻、人才结构性短缺、农产品标准化滞后、政策协同不足等问题仍构成现实制约。破解上述困境，需要构建“软硬兼施、内外联动、上下协同”的系统推进格局，以电子商务高质量发展引领农村经济现代化。

Abstract: With the deep integration of digital technology and the rural revitalization strategy, e-commerce has become a key force in promoting the transformation and development of the rural economy. Based on a systematic analysis of the mechanisms by which e-commerce empowers the rural economy, this paper deeply explores the underlying constraints currently facing the development of rural e-commerce. It proposes a systematic pathway for e-commerce to empower the transformation and development of the rural economy from dimensions such as industrial structure transformation, circulation system reconstruction, subject capacity enhancement, and institutional environment optimization. The research shows that e-commerce effectively promotes the transformation of the rural economy from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and from a closed, dispersed model to an open, collaborative one, by reducing transaction costs, reconstructing value chains, expanding market boundaries, and promoting industrial integration. However, constraints such as the “last mile” bottleneck in infrastructure, structural shortages of talent, lagging standardization of agricultural products, and insufficient policy coordination still pose practical challenges. To address these issues, it is necessary to build a systematic promotion pattern of “combining hardware and software, linking internal and external forces, and coordinating upper and lower levels,” so as to lead the modernization of the rural economy through the high-quality development of e-commerce. With the deep integration of digital technology and the rural revitalization strategy, e-commerce has become a key force in promoting the transformation and development of the rural economy. Based on a systematic analysis of the mechanisms by which e-commerce empowers the rural economy, this paper deeply explores the underlying constraints currently facing the development of rural e-commerce. It proposes a systematic pathway for e-commerce to empower the transformation and development of the rural economy from dimensions such as industrial structure transformation, circulation system reconstruction, subject capacity enhancement, and institutional environment optimization. The research shows that e-commerce effectively promotes the transformation of the rural economy from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and from a closed, dispersed model to an open, collaborative one, by reducing transaction costs, reconstructing value chains, expanding market boundaries, and promoting industrial integration. However, constraints such as the “last mile” bottleneck in infrastructure, structural shortages of talent, lagging standardization of agricultural products, and insufficient policy coordination still pose practical challenges. To address these issues, it is necessary to build a systematic promotion pattern of “combining hardware and software, linking internal and external forces, and coordinating upper and lower levels,” so as to lead the modernization of the rural economy through the high-quality development of e-commerce.