电商平台封禁行为的反垄断规制

Anti-Monopoly Regulation of E-Commerce Platform Blocking Behavior

摘要: 电商平台封禁行为是平台经济领域反垄断执法的焦点问题。本文对封禁行为进行类型化分析，将其划分为外链封禁、API接口封禁、支付渠道封禁、搜索降权与流量限制四种类型，并揭示不同类型在竞争效果上的显著差异。在此基础上，剖析反垄断规制面临的困境：相关市场界定因双边市场与跨界竞争而适用困难，市场支配地位认定因份额指标失灵而标准模糊，拒绝交易条款因预设既有交易关系而适用局限。针对上述困境，本文提出重构相关市场界定框架、完善市场支配地位认定标准、审慎引入必需设施原则、明确正当理由抗辩范围等制度完善路径。研究认为，电商平台封禁行为的反垄断规制应当在保护竞争与尊重平台经营自主权之间寻求动态平衡。

Abstract: The prohibition of e-commerce platform is the focus of anti-monopoly law enforcement in the field of platform economy. This paper analyzes the types of blocking behaviors and divides them into four types: External chain blocking, API interface blocking, payment channel blocking, search right reduction and traffic restriction, and reveals the significant differences in competitive effects of different types. On this basis, this paper analyzes the dilemma faced by antitrust regulation: The definition of relevant market is difficult to apply due to bilateral market and cross-border competition, the identification of market dominant position is vague due to the failure of share index, and the application of refusal transaction clause is limited due to the presupposition of existing transaction relationship. In view of the above difficulties, this paper proposes to reconstruct the relevant market definition framework, improve the criteria for determining market dominance, prudently introduce the principle of necessary facilities, and clarify the scope of justified defense. The research holds that the anti-monopoly regulation of e-commerce platform blockade should seek a dynamic balance between protecting competition and respecting the autonomy of platform operation.