从“思辨的人”到“现实的人”—马克思对德国旧哲学的双重超越

From “the Speculative People” to “the Reality Person”—Marx’s Dual Transcendence of Old German Philosophy

摘要: 马克思对德国旧哲学的双重超越表现为马克思思维方式的转变，即把对“人”的理性思辨转化为对“人”的现实理解。马克思从“改变世界”的哲学使命出发，以“现实的人及其历史发展”为理论基点，完成了从实证唯心主义到真正的实证科学的革命，也就是实现了从旧唯物主义世界观到历史唯物主义新世界观的革命。马克思对德国旧哲学唯心论和旧唯物论的扬弃，实现了对唯物主义和唯心主义的双重超越。

Abstract: Marx’s dual transcendence of old German philosophy represents as the conversion of Marx’s thinking mode, from the rational speculation of “people” to the real understanding of “person”. Starting from the philosophy mission of “changing the world”, based on the theory of “reality person and its historical development”, Marx completed the revolution from idealistic positivism to real empirical science, which realized revolution from the old materialism world outlook to the new historical materialism world outlook. Marx discarded old German philosophy of idealism and old materialism, so as to realize the dual transcendence of materialism and idealism.