海洋碳汇与海上光伏协同驱动农村可持续发展的路径探索

Synergistic Development of Marine Carbon Sinks and Offshore Photovoltaics: Pathways toward Sustainable Rural Development

摘要: 全球气候变化背景下，海洋碳汇与海上光伏协同开发成为推进沿海农村可持续发展的关键路径。基于协同演化理论与可持续发展三重底线理论，构建“空间利用–生态效应–产业发展”三维协同效应评价框架，对山东垦利、江苏田湾等典型案例展开分析。研究表明：两者在空间复合利用、生态正反馈、产业增值上协同显著，2023年中国蓝碳生态系统吸收CO₂达近4亿吨，截至2025年9月海上光伏并网总量超11 GW；协同可创造“能源收益 + 养殖收益 + 碳汇收益”的复合增收模式，每100 MW海上光伏项目可提供200~300个就业岗位；当前存在技术成熟度不足、成本偏高、市场机制不健全、社区参与深度不够等制约。研究提出“政策激励–技术创新–产业融合–社区参与”的整合推进路径。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of global climate change, the synergistic development of marine carbon sinks and offshore photovoltaics has emerged as a critical pathway for advancing sustainable coastal rural development. Drawing on co-evolution theory and the triple bottom line theory of sustainable development, this study constructs a three-dimensional synergy assessment framework encompassing “spatial utilization—ecological effects—industrial development” and applies it to analyze typical cases including Kenli in Shandong and Tianwan in Jiangsu. The findings indicate significant synergies between the two in spatial composite utilization, positive ecological feedback, and industrial value addition. In 2023, China’s blue carbon ecosystems absorbed nearly 400 million tonnes of CO₂, and by September 2025, the total grid-connected capacity of offshore photovoltaics exceeded 11 GW. The synergy can create a composite income model combining “energy revenue + aquaculture revenue + carbon sink revenue”, with each 100 MW offshore photovoltaic project providing 200~300 employment opportunities. Current constraints include insufficient technological maturity, relatively high costs, underdeveloped market mechanisms, and inadequate community participation depth. The study proposes an integrated advancement pathway of “policy incentives—technological innovation—industrial integration—community participation”.