智能家居健康监测系统适老化设计的老龄人因研究综述

A Review of Gerontological Ergonomic Research on the Adaptive Design of Smart Home Health Monitoring Systems

摘要: 人口老龄化深度推进下，智能家居健康监测系统成为老年居家健康管理的重要支撑，但现有产品多重技术、轻人因，忽视老年人生理与认知老化特征，易用性与适配性欠佳，难以满足实际养老需求。人因设计是优化老年用户产品体验的核心，神经人因学则为从脑认知层面破解适老化设计难题提供了新方向。研究系统梳理智能家居健康监测系统适老化人因设计在硬件适配、软件交互、功能服务方面的研究现状，结合典型产品案例剖析“表面适老”问题，并引入Persona与能力谱系框架讨论老年群体异质性及差异化设计策略。在此基础上，文章从神经人因学视角提出认知负荷量化、主客观融合评价、多模态自适应交互、多方协同服务与分层设计等研究展望，并进一步讨论其在真实场景中面临的技术、成本、伦理和隐私挑战及初步应对路径，以期为贴合老年群体需求的智慧养老产品设计提供理论参考，助力积极老龄化建设。

Abstract: As population aging intensifies, smart home health monitoring systems have become a crucial support for elderly home health management. However, existing products often prioritize multiple technologies over human-centered design, neglecting the physiological and cognitive aging characteristics of seniors, resulting in poor usability and adaptability that fail to meet practical elderly care needs. Human-centered design is central to optimizing product experiences for senior users, while neurohuman factors provide a new approach to addressing age-friendly design challenges at the cognitive level. This study systematically reviews current research on age-friendly human-centered design in smart home health monitoring systems across hardware compatibility, software interaction, and functional services. Through case analyses of representative products, it examines issues of “superficial age-friendliness” and employs the Persona and capability hierarchy frameworks to discuss population heterogeneity and tailored design strategies. From a neurohuman factors perspective, the paper proposes future research directions—including cognitive load quantification, integrated subjective-objective evaluation, multimodal adaptive interaction, collaborative multi-party services, and hierarchical design—while addressing technical, cost, ethical, and privacy challenges in real-world applications. These insights aim to provide theoretical foundations for developing intelligent elderly care products that better meet seniors’ needs and advance active aging initiatives.